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33  WIST  MAIN  STRUT 

WnSTIR.N.Y.  USIO 

(716)  •73-4S03 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  da  microraproductiona  hiatoriquaa 


i 


Tachnicai  and  Bibdographic  NotM/NotM  tachniquM  at  bibliographiquM 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliogra  hicatly  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  changa 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chaclcad  balow. 


D 


n 


D 


Colourad  covers/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I   Covars  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommagia 

Cov«rs  rastorad  aeid/or  lam'natad/ 
Couvortura  rastaurte  at/ou  palliculte 

Covar  titia  missing/ 

La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 

Colourad  maps/ 

Cartas  gAographiquas  an  coulaur 

Colourad  ink  (*.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black)/ 
Encre  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 


I     I   Colourad  platas  and/or  illustrations/ 


D 


Planchas  at/ou  illustrations  an  coulaur 


Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
Rali*  avac  d'autras  documants 


Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

La  rellura  sarrie  paut  causar  da  I'ombra  ou  da  la 
distortion  la  lorg  da  la  marga  intAriaura 

Blank  laavas  addad  during  rastoration  may 
appaar  within  tha  taxt.  Whanavar  possibia,  thasa 
have  baan  omittad  from  filming/ 
II  sa  paut  qua  cartainas  pagas  blanchas  aJout4v>^s 
lors  d'una  rastauration  apparaissant  dans  la  taxto. 
mats,  lorsqua  cala  Atait  possibia.  cas  pagas  n'ont 
pas  At*  filmias. 

Additional  commants:/ 
Commantairas  supplAmantairas; 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilm*  la  maiilaur  axamplaira 
qu'il  lui  a  At*  pocaibia  da  aa  procurar.  Las  details 
da  cat  axamplaira  qui  aont  paut-Atra  uniquaa  du 
point  da  vua  bibliographiqua,  qui  pauvant  modifiar 
una  imaga  raproduita,  ou  qui  pauvant  axigar  una 
modification  dans  la  mAthoda  normala  da  f ilmaga 
sont  indiquAs  ci-daaaoua. 


r~~|   Colourad  pagaa/ 


n 


Pagoa  da  coulaur 

Pagas  damcgad/ 
Pagaa  andommagAas 

Pagas  rastorad  and/oi 

Pagas  rastaurAas  at/ou  palliculAas 

Pagas  discolourad,  stainad  or  f  oxa( 
Pagas  dAcolorAas,  tachatAas  ou  piquAaa 

Pagas  datachad/ 
Pagas  dAtachAas 

Showthrough/ 
Transparanca 

Quality  of  prin 

QualitA  inAgala  da  I'imprasslon 

Includas  supplementary  matarii 
Comprand  du  matArial  supplAmantaira 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seuie  Adition  diaponibia 


I — I  Pagas  damcgad/ 

n~|  Pagaa  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

r^  Pagas  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

j~~1  Pages  detached/ 

r~7  Showthrough/ 

I     I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I  Only  adition  available/ 


Tl 
tc 


Tl 

P< 
o1 
fil 


O 

b« 
th 
si 
01 
fil 
si 
01 


Tl 
si 
Tl 
w 

M 
di 
er 
bi 

ril 
re 
m 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  fauillet  d'arrava,  una  pelure. 
etc.,  ont  AtA  filmAes  A  nouveau  da  fa^on  A 
obtanir  la  mailleure  imaga  possibia. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Co  document  est  filmA  au  taux  da  rAduction  indiquA  ci-dassous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

2SX 

30X 

V 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


■ilt 

du 

difier 
une 
iag« 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  ano  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  p^'nted  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  lact  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  'END"), 
whichever  applies. 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAntrositA  de: 

BibliothAque  nationale  du  Canada 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  At*  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin.  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet*  de  I'exemplaire  filmA.  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  filmte  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  tormina  ^^  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration.  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  solon  ^e  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exempliiires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbols  -^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE".  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  fikiTied  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  iarge  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ar6  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  A  des  taux  de  rMuction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichA,  11  est  film*  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mithode. 


rata 
> 


elure. 


t 

2 

3 

1 


3 

ax 


6 


I 

I 


SOME 


OBSERVATIONS 


ON      THE 


SITUATION,  DISPOSITION, 


AND 


CHARACTER 


OF      THE 


INDIAN  NATIVES 


OF     THIS 


C  O  N  T  I  N  E  N  T. 


^ 


J  ■will  declare  the  Decree:  The  LoF.D  hath  fcid  unto  me. 
Thou  arc  wy  Son,  this  Dsy  have  I  begotten  thee,  fjk  of 
me,  and  I  'jlmH  pve  thee  the  Heathen  for  thine  Inhm-; 
tnttce,  and  the  uttcrmojl  Parts  of  the  Earth  for  thy  ?oJ-> 
fejfion.     Psalm  ii.  ?• 

Open  thf  Mouth  for  the  Dumb,  in  the  Catifc  of  all  fuch  as 
are  a'ppointed  to  DcJirutUon.     Pro  v.  xxxi.  8. 


VUILADELFHIA: 
rjllNTKD  AKD  SOLD  wv  JOSEPH  CRUKSHANK,  n? 

MAS.  kT- ST  REFT. 


^ 


—^zMk 


If 


k'k 


i    to 


IK 


^  ov 

'  jui 

i  '^' 

fyl 

I  th: 

I  mi 

(  ' 


V 


I 


"tSE 


PREFACE. 


I 


TH  E  writer  of  the  following  fliccts 
has  thrown  together  a  few  fafts, 
to  obviate  fome  miftakes  which  have 
been  embraced,  refpeftingthc  Natives  of 
this  land ;  he  neither  wifhes  Ml  flatter  thofe 
of  his  own  colour  by  acknowledging  that 
they  are  fuperior  to  the  tawney  Indian  ; 
otherwife  than  as  they  excel  him  in  afts 
of  beneficence  and  of  an  imitation  of  the 
the  great  Author  of  the  Chriftian  Religi- 
on;  whofe  name  they  haveaflumed;  nor 
to  exalt  the  charafter  of  the  poor  untu- 
tored Indian,  at  the  expenfe  of  truth,  by 
over-rating  their  cjiaftity,  their  love  of 
juftice,  and  hofpitality ;  particularly  in 
their  afFeftionate  reception  of  our  An- 
ceftors  on  their  firfl  fettlement  of  Penn- 
fylvania;  nor  to  fay  more  in  their  favour 
than  is  fupported  by  the  concurrent  tefli- 
monies  of  hiflorians  of  various  religious 
^^  rofefTions  and  different  nations. 

Neither  is  it  intended  to  juftify  thefe 
people  in  any  of  their  aQs  of  cruelty  : 

>^  The 


lit 


*■    J 


I  I 

( 


K^ 


C      iv       ] 

The  motives,  which  have  induced  the  wri- 
ter to  engage  in  this  pubhcation  are  fupe- 
rlor  to  party  views;  an  apprehenfion  of 
duty,  and  univevfal  good-will  to  mankind. 
And  if  the  Indian  is  reprefented  to  have 
been  opprefled  and  injured,  it  is  not  to 
provoke  a  fpirit  of  retaliation,  nor  to  ex- 
cite a  difcontent,  but  to  flate  to  the  view 
of  the  pubhc,  wherein  they  have  been 
aggrieved ;  and  wherein  they  have  been 
culpable,  that  the  people  of  thefe  dates 
may  fee  ihe^  h'we  not  been  free  from 
blame,  in  hopes  that  a  more  candid  and 
indulgent  confideration  of  their  fitua- 
tion  may  excite  in  us  humanity  and  ten- 
dernefs. 

Be  not  offended  therefore  if  the  Indian 
is  reprefented  as  a  rational  being  as  well 
as  ourfelves,  if  liaving  an  immortal  foul/^ 
capable  of  receiving  the  refining  influ- 
ence of  our  holy  religion,  it  is  that  he 
may  be  allowed  to  dwell  in  fafety,  and  re- 
joice in  the  opportunity,  which  a  return^, 
of  peace,  may  afford  to  inllruct  him  in^' 
the  knowledge  of  the  true  God. 

If  doubts  Ihould  remain,  whether  the 
Indians  are,  indeed  fufceptible  of  thoft 
religious  impreffions  as  here  mentioncd.-j 
the  reader  is  referred  to  the  feveral  aC'4 
counts  of  the  fuccefsful  labours  of  the  pi-^i 

ou4 


01 
01 

til 

ni 

N 

▼c 

(e 

a 

N 


C        V        ] 

^  ^^f^^'e-  ^^^  Thomas  Mayew,  John  Elliott,  and 
^^f  ^c  others  in  New- England,  publiflied  by 
1  *nd  themielves  ;  and  alio  a  pubUcation  ot  a 
^^^^  h  ve  ^^^^^  '*^^^  date,  by  David  Brainard,  of 
New-Jerfey  who  refided  among  them  fe- 
^  ^^  veral  years,    entitled,  Mirabila  Dei  in- 

^  -  fpr  IrKlw'nc  •    Or  tht>  Miff  nnH   Prnorrpfc    nf 


"V 


ree 

indid  and 

Leir  fitua- 

and  ten* 


:hc  Indian 
ng  as  well.^ 

ortal  foul,  4 
ling  influ-  : 
is  that  he  /^ 
ty,  and  re- 
h  a  return 
ucl  him  in 

.d. 

/hether  the 
le  of  ihoft 
nentioncdi 

:  feveral  aC' 

rs  of  the  pi- 
ou 


m 


s  o  hi  z 


A  2 


f 


x^ 


,r^^ 


■«ir«MaB*i 


Hsmm&mmmt 


i 


SOME 


OBSERVATIONS 


ON      THE 


INDIAN    NATIVES 


^ 


OF     THIS 


[        ^ 


f    t 


CONTINENT. 


t 
f 

4^1 


SITUATE  as  we  are  on  this  Cor  *^i 
tinent  with  very  extenfivc  front'ien 
bordering  upon  a  vaft  wildernefs,  inha 
bited  by  the  native  Indians,  it  becomes     ; 
fubjeft  worthy  the  mod  ferious  attentic  ;%] 
of  every  friend  of  mankind,  every  iov(  ^^i 
of  his   country,    to  be  truly  informe 
what  IS  the  fituation  and  difpofition  of  tli 
people,  fo  far  as  it  may  haveaninfluen 
upon  our  duty  as  Chriftians,    and  o 
peace  and  fafety  as  members  of  Civil  S 
ciety  :  And  that  wc  may  not  make  a  ra 

ellims 


DNS 


VES 


r. 


)n  this  Cor 
^^e  frontiers 
rnefs,  inha 
it  becomes 
(US  attcntic 
^  every  lov( 
ly  informc 
>fition  of  th 
janinfluen 
IS,  and  o 
i  of  Civil  S 
t  make  a  ra 
ellima 


(     7    ) 

eflimate  of  rm  own  importance,  or  of 
the  incapacity  of  thofe  people  ior  religi- 
ous improvement,  the  following  obferva- 
tions  and  quotations  are  recommended 
to  the  ferious  pcrufal  of  every  reader,  as 
they  give  a  view  of  the  opinions  of  fomc 
of  the  early  fettlers,  of  different  deno- 
minations, in  this  continent. 

The  firit  fettlers  of  Pennfylvania,  who 
had  full  opportunities  of  being  acquaint- 
ed with  the  nature  and  difpofition  of  the 
Natives,    and  who  made    it  a  principal 
.  point  to  obferve  ffcrift  juftice  in  all  their 
tranfaftions  with  them,  have  left  us  very- 
favourable  memorials  of  the  long  conti- 
^nucd    kindnefs  they  experienced    from 
uhefe  people  :  the  great  difadvantages  to 
t  which  their  ignorance  and  roving  temper 
'ffubjeftcd  them,  our  forefathers  thought 
'  it  their  duty  to  endeavour  to  draw  them 
from,  by  exemplary  afts  of  benevolence 
and   inftruftion  ;    which   pious  pradlice 
gnhas  fince  been  fuccefsfully  purfued,  by 
"'  feveral  well  difpofed  perfons  in  New-Eng- 
land, New-Jerfey,  and  elfewhere :  feve- 
ral of  whom  have  tranfmitted  fatisfaftory 
accounts  of  their  labours. 

From  thefe  publications  as  well  as  from 
the  remembrance  of  fome  yet  living,  it 


^13  evident,  that  the  natural  difpofition  of 

^  Va%-      the 


;Ji 


►ft**^""*""! 


: 


(      8      ) 

the  Indians  has  generally  been  to  fliew 
kindnefs  to  the  Europeans,  in  their  early 
fettleinents ;  and  that  their  mental  pow- 
ers are  equally  with  our  own  capable  of 
improvement ;  that  the  apparent  differ- 
ence in  them,  as  well  as  in  the  Black  Peo- 
ple and  us,  arifes  principally  from  the 
advantages  of  our  education,  and  man- 
ner of  life. 

Some  writers  have  reprefented  Indians 
as  naturally  ferocious,  treacherous,  and 
ungrateful,  and  endeavoured  to  eftablifli 
this  charafter  of  them,  from  fome  parti- 
cular tranfaftion  which  hath  happened  on 
fpdcial  occafions  :  but  no  conclufion  of 
their  original  character  (liould  be  drawn 
from  inftances  in  which  they  have  been 
provoked,  to  a  degree  of  fury  and  ven- 
geance, by  unjuft  and  cruel  treatment 
from  European  Aggreffors;  of  which 
moft  hiftories  of  the  firft  fettlements  on 
this  continent  furnifli  inftances,  and 
which  writers  have  endeavoured  to  co- 
lour and  vindicate,  by  reprobating  the 
charafter  of  thofe  poor  people. 

It  is  a  matter  of  faft,  proved  by  moPi 
Hiftorical  Accounts  of  the  trade  carried 
on  with  the  Indians  at  our  firft  acquairir- 
ance  with  them,  as  well  as  in  the  tlrf' 
|!:ttlemeats  made  on  this  continent,  th^t 

thc) 


^u' 


ui    d 


( 


) 


to  ftiew 
ir  early 
[al  pow- 
>able  of 
differ- 
ick  Peo- 
•om  the 
id  man- 
Indians 
)us,  and 
eftablHh 
ne  part'u 
pened  on 
lufion  of 
)e  drawn 
ave  been 
and  ven- 
:reatmcnt 
jf   which 
ments  on 
ces,    and 
d   to  co- 
ating the 

i  by  men 
le  earricc' 
acquairn 
the  firH 
lent,  thii^ 
thcy 


tliey  generally  manifeded  themfclve« 
to  be  kind,  hofpitable  and  generous  to 
the  Europeans,  fo  long  as  they  were 
treated  with  juftice  and  humanity;  but 
when  the  adventurers  from  a  third  of 
gain,  over  reached  the  Natives,  and  they 
faw  Tome  of  their  friends  and  relations 
treacheroufly  entrapped  and  carried  away 
to  be  fold  for  flaves,  *  themfclves  injuri- 
oufly  treated  and  driven  from  their  na- 
tive pofieiFions,  what  could  be  expefted 
but  that  fucli  a  fordid  ccnduft  in  the  Eu- 
ropeans, would  produce  a  change  of  dif- 
pofition  in  the  Indians.  The  early  fet- 
tlers  of  New-Jerfey  have  always  confirm- 
ed the  tcftimony  of  the  Pennfylvanians, 
with  refped:  to  the  good  ufage  they  met 

with 


% 


•X 


*  Amongft   the   many  inftances   of  this  kind 
which  might  be  given,  that  are  recorded  by  dif- 

^/erent  authors,  the  following  is  moft  ftriking,  viz, 
One  Hunt,  an  early  trader  with  the  Indians  of 
New-England,  after  a  profperous  trade  with  the 
Natives,  enticed  between  20  cr  30  on  board  his 
vc/Fel,  and  contrary  to   the  public  faith,  clapped 

^them  under  hatches,  and  T^ld  them  to   the  Spa-| 
niards   at   Malaga;   but   the  Indians  refented  it, 
and  revenged  thenifelves  on  the  next  Englifli  that 
came  on  the  coaft.     Ncal^  llillory  of  NewEng- 

,]ar.d,  p:i^e  21, 


■■ 


f* 


'■   ^. 


%  " 


(       lo       ) 

with  from  th^  Indians.  The  writer  of 
the  Hiftory  of  that  Province  informs  us, 
page  440,  "  That,  for  almoft  a  centu- 
**  ry,  the  Natives  had  all  along  maintain- 
*'  ed  an  intercourfe  of  great  cordiality 
**  and  friendihip  with  the  inhabitants." 

It  is  well  known  that  the  Indians*  de- 
portment to  each  other  is  peaceable  and 
inotfenfive  ;  efteeming  fudden  anger  un- 
becoming and  ignominious ;  they  feldom 
differ  with  their  neighbour,  or  do  them 
any  harm  or  injury,  except  when  intoxi- 
cated by  flrong  liquor,  of  which  they  are 
fond,  to  an  enormous  degree  :  this  is  the 
general  character  given  of  Indians,  by  all 
impartial  writers. 

The  noted  French  author  Charlevoix, 
who  appears  to  have  been  deep  in  his  in- 
quiries into  their  manners  and  difpofiti- 
on,  in  his  long  travels  from  Queb  j,  thro* 
the  lakes  and  down  the  MiiTillipi  to  Flo- 
rida, informs,  "  That  with  a  mein  and 
"  appearance  altogether  favage ;  and 
**  with  manners  and  cuftoms  which  fa- 
"  vour  the  greateft  barbarity,  the  Indi- 
'*  ans  enjoy  all  the  advantaj.;^  s  ot  fociety. 
*'  At  firft  view,  fays  he,  one  would  ima- 
"  gine  them  without  form  ot  govcrn- 
"  ment,  law  or  fubordinatioM,  and  fub- 

ject  to  the  wildeft  caprice  j  neverthe* 

'-  IciV^ 


1 


it 


ii 


^1 


iter  of 
ais  us, 
centu- 
Lintain- 
rdiality 
nts." 
ns*  de- 
ble  and 
ger  un- 
'feldom 
io  them 
i  intoxi- 
they  are 
lis  is  the 
s,  by  all 

blevoix, 
1  his  in- 
difpofiti- 
j,  thro' 
i  to  Flo- 
lein  and 
;    and 
vhich  fa- 
he  Indi" 
t  fociety^ 
)uld  ini'a- 
•-^ovcrn- 
and  fub- 
ae\erthe" 


( 


II 


) 


•*  lefs,  they  rarely  deviate  from  certain 
**  maxims  and  ufages  founded  on  good 
"  fenfe  alone,  which  holds  the  place  of 
*'  law,  and  fuppUes  in  fome  fort,  the 
**  want  of  legal  authority.  *  Reafon 
**  alone  is  capable  of  retaining  them  in  a 
*'  kind  of  fubordination ;  not  the  lefs 
•^  effedual,  towards  the  end  propofed, 
•*  for  being  entirely  voluntary.  They 
**  manifeft  much  (lability  in  the  engage- 
ments they  have  folemnly  entered  up- 
on ;  patient  in  affliftion,  as  well  as  in 
**  their  fubmifiion  to  what  they  apprc- 
**  hend  to  be  the  appointment  of  Provi- 
•*  dence ;  in  all  which  they  manifeft  a 
••  noblenefs  of  foul,  and  conftancy  of 
^  mind,  at  which  we  rarely  arrive  with 
^  all  our  Philofophy  and  Religion.  As 
^*  they  ar^  neither  flaves  to  ambition,  nor 

**  intereftj 


f 

*  Human  Nature,  even  in  its  rudeft  ftate,  it 
polTefled  of  a  ftreng  fetife  of  right  and  wrong  ;  a 
pure  piiucipic  which  i^  not  confined  to  any  name 
or  form,  but  dlffufes  ^tfelf  as  univerfallv  as  the 
Sin;  !t  is  **  fhat  Ityht  fwhich  entightens  every  man 
«•  comtttg  tms  thi  ijorU^**  John  i.  9.  Al'  thofe 
who  yield  10  its  imprc'rions  are  brethren  in  the 
full  extent  ot  the  ecprc^Tion,  however  differing  in 
other  r£ip('>'>s, 


# 


mut^mm 


■*"p* 


"x-"^ 


►vii 


( 


Tl 


) 


( 


ii 

cc 

(( 

€€ 
C( 

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«c 


'^  '■"  "^"  Yh'Sfy  ik  the  kind 
"  ments  of  »"'^^""l'  eneraven  in  the 
"  ^tn\l^  SkSdleithofeof  co- 
::  iSnSwWch  -  as  jet  generally 

..  unknown  amongft  th^m- 

Is  it  not  notorious  that  they  a      g^^^ 

rally  kinder  to  us  f  "'J^J'J.curs,  but  " 

which  IS  not  we  *:aic  ir  ^^^^  « 

Their  modeft  condutt  to^  .^    ..  , 

^^\1;  aUo  acknovvl*^^^ 

^■"VPf  Ss'tha^Ih^y  "av 
,     with  Indians,  that  tn  y  . 

aianifefted  a  faithfulnef     o  tn       S  b^^  the 

„,ents  they  have  ^"  f^f^if^nSertaken  tcf 
ty  of  any  perfon  t^^y  V.ave  un  j^ 

^"^°,r^^n  tL^S  ornan^  of  thofe  cove^^ 
as  alfo  in  tne  pcnui"     „„c.med  bv  gi« 
nants  which  they  have  confirmed  Dy  g  „ 

ing  belts  of  wampum.  cbarlevo"  * « 


■.5-' 

1 


(      t3      ) 


ch  have 
fe  fenti- 
he  kind 
-n  in  the 
fe  of  co- 
generally 

re  gene- 
to  them  ? 
curs,  but 
nan,  who 
refpeft  ; 
o  them. 
3men  who 
s  certainly 
ch  exceed- 
1,  in  like 
longft  our. 

all  impar- 
converfant 

t  generally 
:he  engage- 
•or  the  fafe 
^dertaken  tc 
to  be  fouPi 
lite  people 
'  thole  cove 
cned  by  giv 

Charlevoix 


.  Charlevoix  farther  obferve^,  "  That 
"  whoever  infinuates  himfelf  in  their 
**  efteem,  will  find  them  fufficiently  do- 
"  cile  to  do  any  thing  he  defires  ;  but 
that  this  is  not  eafily  gained,  as  they 
generally  give  it  to  merit  only,  of 
which  they  are  as  good  judges  as  moft 
amongft  us.  He  adds,  that  thefc  good 
difpofitions  are  very  much  eclipfed  by 
the  cruelty  they  foi.ietimes  cxercife 
upon  fuch  of  their  enemies,  whom 
they  have  devoted  to  death ;  as  well  as 
the  right  they  almoft  univerfally  claim 
to  private  revenge.  They  confider  it 
as  a  point  of  honour  to  avenge  inju- 
ries done  to  their  friends,  particular- 
|ly  the  death  of  a  relation;  blood  for 
•S  blood,  death  for  death,  can  only  fa* 
*^  tisfy  the  furviving  friends  of  the  inju- 
"  red  party."  Something  of  the  fame 
law  of  retaliation  was  ufual  amongft  the 
ancient  Jews  and  Romans. 

From  this  principle,  as  well  as  from 
the  high  notions  they  have  of  military 
glory,  the  young  Indians  fometimes  fud« 
dcnly  purfue  violent  meafures,  contrary 
to  the  mind  of  their  elders. 
"^"  It  is,  fays  the  fame  Author,  a  feeU 
**  ing  experience  of  the  Chriftian  Re- 
**  ligion,  which  alone  is  able  to  perfcft 

B  "  their 


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it 
ti 
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«c 
«c 
cc 
cc 


i   \ 

i 


'       a. 


(       14       ) 


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their  good  qualities,  and  correfk  that  " 
**  which  is  vrong  in  them  ;  this  is  com- «« 


(C 


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men  to  them  with  other  men ;   but  «< 


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what  is  peculiar  to  them  is,  that  they  <« 
bring  fewer  obftacles  to  this  improve-  «* 
ment,    after,  thro'  the    operation   o: « 
grace,  they  have  once  began  to  behevt  <* 
in  the  great  truths  of  the  gofpel."        « 
The  good  difpofition  of  the  more  foutb  « 
crn  Indians  is  fenfibly  fet  forth  by  De  h  ** 
Cafasj  Bifhop  of  Chapia,  who  fpent  mud  " 
time  and  labour  in  endeavouring  to  pre  ** 
ferve  the  Indians  of  New-Spain,  from  th  ** 
grievous  oppreffion  they  laboured  under  ** 
in  his   reprefentation   to  the  King   an("  i 
Council  of  Spain,  which,  with  little  va*^ 
riation,  may  well  be  applied  to  the  na^ 
tives  of  mod   parts  of    the   continent*^. 
He  fays,    "  I  was  one  of  the  firft  wh(**- 
went  to  America,  neither  curiofity  nc** 
intereft  prompted  me  to  undertake  f** 
long  and    dangerous    a  voyage ;  th** 
faving  the  fouls  of  the  Heathens  wa 
my  fole  objeft.     Why  was  I  not  per 
mitted,  even  at   the  expenfe  of   ni|" 
blood,  to  ranfom  fo  many  thoufan(i^' 
of  fouls  who  fell  unhappy  vi6lims  if 


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CC 


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avarice  or 


luft." 


•It  is  faid,  th 


.u< 


barbarous  executions  were  neceffar" 
to  punilh  or  check  the  rebellion  of  tl: 

Amei 


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cc 

reft  that  " 
s  is  com.  «* 
en ;  but « 
that  they « 
improve-  ** 
ration  o:  ** 
to  believt " 
•pel." 

ore  fouth- " 
by  De  la;  ** 
pent  mucl " 
ing  to  pre " 
1,  fromth" 
ired  under" 
King   an(" 
Lh  little  V2^% 
i  to  the  na^ 
continent*^ 
e  firft  wh(" 
luriofity  no** . 
ndertake  f** 
oyagc;  tb** 
:athens  wa" 
LS  I  not  per" 
»nfe  of   m;" 
y  thoufand" 
T  viftiins  tf* 
is  faid,  tb/*' 
re  ncceffar" 
>eUion  of  tl; 
'*  Amci 


(     >s     ) 

Americans ;  but  to  whom  was  this 
owing  ?  did  not  thoie  people  receive 
tlie  Spaniards  who  firft  came  amongft 
them,  with  gentlenels  and  humanity  ? 
did  they  not  fhew  more  joy,  in  pro- 
portion, in  lavifliing  treafure  upon 
them,  than  the  Spaniards  did  greedi- 
nefs  in  receiving  it  ? but  our  ava- 
rice was  not  yet    fatisfied tho' 

they  gave  up  to  us  their  land  and  their 
riches,  we  would  take  from  them  their 
wives,  their  children,  and  their  liber- 

ty. To  blacken  thefe  unhappy 

people,  their  enemies  aiTert,  that  they 

are  fcarce  human  creatures but 

it  is  we  ought  toblufli  for  having  been 
Icfs  men,    and  more   barbarous  than 

they. They  arc  reprefented  as  a 

ftupid  people,  addifted  to  vice;— — — 
but  have  they  not  contracted  moft  ot 
their  vices  frjm  the  examples  of  Chri- 
ftians  ?  And  as  to  thofe  vices  peculiar 
to  themfelves,  have  not  the  Chriftians 
quickly  exceeded  them  therein  ?  Ne- 
verthelefs  it  muft  be  granted,  that  the 
Indians  ftill  remain  untainted  with  ma- 
ny  vices,  ufiial  amongft  the  Europe- 
ans;  fiich  as  ambition,  biafphemy, 
treachery,  and  many  like  monfters, 
which  have  not  yet  took  place  with 

"  them  J 


•*"v.. 


■  .iiff^ 


H 


.'  ^J 


I 


'l 


'I 


(       »6      ) 

*  them ;  they  have  fcarce  an    idea  of 

*  them,  fo  that,  in  efFed,  all  the  advan. 
'  tage  we  can  claim,  is  to  have  more 

*  elevated  notions  of  things,    and  cur 

*  faculties    more  unfolded,    and   more 

*  cultivated  than  theirs.  Don't  Ic: 
'  us  flatter  our  corruptions,  nor  volunta 

*  rily  blind  ourfclves ;    ail  nations  art 

*  e  ;ually  free :  one  nation  has  no  righ: 

*  to  infringe  upon  the  freedom  of  ano- 

*  ther :  let  us  do  towards  thofe  people, 

*  as  we  would  have  them  to  have  done 

*  to  us,  if  they  had  landed  upon  our 

*  ihore,  with  the  fame  fuperiority  o; 
'  ftrength.     And,  indeed,   why  Aoulii 

*  not  things   be  equal  on   both  fides. 

*  How  long  has  the  right  of  the  ftrong. 

*  eft  been  allowed  to  be  the  balance  of 

<  juftice.      What  part   of    the   Gofpi^l 

*  gives  a  fanftion  to  fuch  a  doftrine. 

*  In  what  part  of  the  whole  earth  did  the 

<  Apoftles    and   firft    promulgators  of 

*  the  Gofpel,  ever  claim  a  right  over  the 
'  lives,  the  freedom,  or  the  fubftance  oi 

*  the  Gentiles.  What  a  (Irange  me- 
'  thod  this  of  propagating  the  Gofpel, 
«  that  holy  law   of  grace,  which  from 

being  flaves  to  fatan,  initiates  us  into 
the  freedom  of  the  children  of  God." 

T 


b 
t 

d 
b 
t( 

V( 

n: 
fc 

V( 

ei 
m 

«C 

Cf 

ti 
M 

ci 

n 

€i 
€i 

« 


e   ( 


idea  ot 
he  advan. 
ave  more 

and  our 
md  more 
-Don't  le: 
)r  volunta 
ations  ar^ 
s  no  righ. 
m  of  ano- 
jfe  people, 
have  done 
upon  our 
eriority   o; 
irhy  AouW 
both  fides, 
the  ftrong. 
balance  of 
:he   Gofp^l 
a  doftrine. 
arth  did  the 
ulgators  o( 
Tht  over  the 
fubftance  oi 
range    roe- 
the  Gofpcl, 
which  from 
ates  us  into 
:n  of  God." 


(       17       ) 

To  this  pious  Bifliop's  teftiniony,  may 
be  added  that  of  Page  Dupart,  in  his 
Hiftory  of  Louifiana,  who  during  a  refi- 
dence  of  fixteen  years,  appears  to  have 
been  careful  in  his  enquiries,  relating 
to  the  nature  and  difpofuion  of  thofe  fe- 
veral  nations  feated  in  a  fpace  of  1500 
miles  on  both  (ides  the  Miffillipi,  with 
fome  of  whom  he  was  intimately  con- 
verfant,  whom  he  reprcfents  as  generally 
endowed  with  good  ienfe,  kindnefs  and 
moderation.  He  tells  us,  "  That  upon 
**  an  acquaintance  with  the  Indians,  he 
was  convinced  that  it  is  wrong  to  de- 
nominate them  Savages,  as  they  are  ca- 
pable of  making,  a  good  ufe  of  their 
j^i  reafon,  and  their  fentiments  are  jufl:  j 
m  that  they  have  a  degree  of  prudence, 
^  faithfulnefs  and  generofity,  exceeding 
"  that  of  nations  who  would  be  offended 
"  at  being  compared  with  them. 

No  people,  he  fays,  are  more  ho- 
fpitable  and  free  than  the  Indians  j 
hence  they  might  be  efteemed  an  hap- 
py people,  if  that  happinefs  was  not 
impeded  by  their  pallionate  fondnefs 
for  fpirituous  liquors,  and  the  foolifh 
notion  they  hold  in  common,  with 
many  profeiling  Chriftians,  of  gaining 
reputation  and  eftecm,  by  their  prow- 

B  2  *<  efs 


it 


•€ 


«C 


(( 


-"S-'-"-' 


I: 


m 


H 


i 


I 


I 


y* 


til 


U  I    ' 


appear  but  b^^^^SteW  refufe  to  take  a- 
avc  others  who  abfoluteiyr  ^^^  ^^^ 

'part  therein,  but  patieiUlj^^^^^^^  ^ 

W^-^^-^^^7o     of  wbkh  good  <!  . 
fubjsas  them   to ,  o  amonf... 

ruSesTnrciS'f  the  Moravian.. 

'•  That  the^^^fjSeSl^e  Indians^ 
*4  cood  fenfe,  to  periu  j-^^ 

u  W  is  «=^f^".^^'^?,hout  interruptK 
u  their  f^'^"f^'P J,f  ?afely  afSrm  tl, 

«  He  adds,  ^^^J^'Lje  had  with  thei 
«  the  differences  we  have  n^^^^^^, 

«  have  been  more  ov,mg        ^^^^  .,^ 
.cthem.     When  they  are  ^  ^^ 

..  lentiy  or  opprfffi;  g'  S  others. 

..  fcnfiUty  of  '"3«:'"  ;;\„iwe  am 
.  thofc  who  have  occafion^^  ^^. 

..  them,  wi^l  haN  e  .^  j^e^^ 

4.  manity,  they  ^^lU  "^^^^ 

««  men."  I 


^1 


(       '9      ). 

)otcnt  evi!?  'Many  more  authors  might  be  quoted, 
or  intereftdcclarative  of  the  commendable  quaHtics 
y  their  Ewhich  have  appeared  in  the  Indians, 
whilft  uncorrupted  by  an  intercourfe  with 
me  other  tiithc  Europeans,  and  which  is  (till  the  cafe 
thefe  natioiin  the  difpofition  of  thofe  nations  fituatcd 
var  and theat  a  diftance  from  us.*  This  particu- 
afetotakeai  larly 

3eat  the  har 

other  India 

ich  good   (I    *  Note,  In  a  late  Hiaory  of  the  Britirti  DomU 

nces    amonaions  in  North- America,  printed  in  1773,  p  2.i9> 

>  Moravian  1^^  Author  fpeaking  of  the  Natives,  fays,  •«  The 

*  nearer  the  Indians  of  Canada  are  viewed,  the 

,    •  more  good   qualities  arc  difcovered  in  them ; 

Xi    the    WHO,  ^Qj.  jj^pj^  Qf  the  principles  which  ferve  to  regu- 

prudence  a»  late   their  condoft ;    the  general  maxims   bf 

»  the  Indians^  which  they  govern  themfelves  ^  and  the  effen- 

^\     ^^    ^«,=fpr.  lial  parts  of  their  charafter,  difcovcr  nathinr 

nd    to    P^^\%f  the  barbarian.-  ^ 

Ut   interrupu  0f  ^^^  Five  Nation  Indians,  M.  Delapoteric.  a 

ifely   affirm  tip^Bch  Author,  (wherein  he  very   much   agrees* 

*  had  With  theitii  Cadwalader  Golden^  hte  prefident  of  New- 

to  US  thai^O'*^)   in   hk  account   of    thofe  Indians,    fays^ 

^^n  1  -^  Yhey  are  thought  by  a  common  miftake^  to  be 

are    treat  nitre   barbarians,  always  thirfting  for  human 

they  have  no  y^p^j ,  l3m  j^eir  true  charader  is  very  difFer- 

than  others,  cnt:  they  are  indeed  the  fierceft  and  mod  for* 

to  live  am(inid.4ble  people  in  North  *\raerica  ;  and  at  the 

.  .,     Q^  fame  time,  as  politic  and  judicious,  as  well  can  be 

ntinien  j>  conceived,  which  appears  from  the  management 

leet  in    tneni    ^^^^  ^l^^  j^ffjirslhey  tranfa«a,  not  only  with  the 

French  and  EngliHi,  but  like  wife  with  almoft 
^laU  the  Indiaa  Nations  of  this  vaft  continent. 

I*  Speaking 


-SPf- 


su 


IK  I 


(      ^o 


) 


H 
CC 


r    ^  accounts  left  us  b; 
larly  appears  from  ^ccou  ^^^  ^^^^ 

Jonathan    Carver,  :^f /.i^fi^e,  vifitc 
^765,  totheyear    76'J,>^;        j^iff,ffip„ 
feVeral  Nations  Nvell  of  ther^^^.^^  ^^  ^^^^ 

and  the  upper   lakes.       v        ^^^^^^^  ,^^ 
aeneral  temper  ol  the  in  ^  ^^^  ^ 

?hole  V-f',^l;f:':c^.  other/and  f.,. 
«  tremely  ^^^erai  to  ^  ^^^^^^^j 

»  o\v  the  deficiencies  oi  ^^ 

«  Sh  any  fuperfluuy   of  ^^J^^T^t; 


M 


■    ..  SpeaWing  of  tbe  Ch-lcee.  and  o^^er^J« 

..  anslook  upon  the  end  o  ^^^^^  ^^^ 

,.  happily ;  »nd  f°;  ,uted  to^prevent  avar. 
..  cuftom.  are  .<=f^«^*  .f-.^  ufe;  and  noth.n, 
..  ^hich  they  thm''  .-^^teisl*^  ,    ^^^^  ^^^ 

..  I  more  fcvere  r^A;^  7.;,"°. ^  To  prevent 

.<  fay,  Th^*  '  """"  ^L  of  fnch  a  vice,  tjpon 
..  rtfe  and  propagatton  of  f«=h  ^^^  ^^ 

..  death  of  any  l^-^'^"'. '^^^i  there  may   b' 

o  longs  to  the  deceafed.  «»„t      ^^^^^^  „p  , 

..  te,npt«'^  ^  ^11    anTdomeftic  convenu 

..  perfkxity  of  arms,  and  ^^,„  th. 

..  for  his  ch'ldren-      V^'^^hat  i^^u  agreeab' 

••  ft"™'  W^ne    afed.  toburnaUthey  J 

..  the  fou\  °f  1,^^.^  fo  low  thofe  who  ufe  a> 

,.  and  that  f  •«'°^J°jTuhivate  no  more 

•'  ^^'■"•^::«ffaryfo   their  plentiful  fubaU 


/i 


c 


21 


) 


.  r     «  V  •*  — That  governed  by  the  plain  and 

left  u^   Dl  ,  •     .  I    1     °      ■  -wT         ^ 

h     veai      equitable  laws  oi  Nature,  every  one  is 

^  ^      Titc'**  remarked  lolely  according  to  his  de- 

M'^'ffip"  ^^^^^  ^  ^"^  ^^^^^  equality,  condition, 
^er  w  ii      Vig  manners  and  privileges,  with  that  con- 

f*  •"  ftant  lociablc  familiarity  which  prevails 

lhs  iuu  4j  thro'  every  Indian  Nation,  animates 
lUey  ^^,  r  ><  them  with  a  pure  and   truly    patriotic 

^^\^  T'  nd'*  0^^"^»  ^^^^  ^^"^s  ^o  ^^^  general  good 
their    ri     ^^  ^£  ^j^^  Society  to  which  they  belong. 

"    ^  ^^^    .Th*  '^^^  Indians,  he  fays,  are  not  without 

*  fome  fenfe  of  Religion,  fuch  as  proves 

]  that  they  worfhip  the  great  Creator, 

with  a  degree  of  purity  unknown  to 

ther  Sou'  nations  who  have  greater  opportuni- 

r^^s   Theie  In  ties  of  improvement. 

Y\hl  to  be  liv' ««  That  the  pleas  of  Indians  for  mak- 

pofe,  their  wli  Jug  ^^r,  are  in  general  more  rational 

prevent    avan  ^^^  •    n     ^^^^  ^^^y^  ^^  ^^^  brought  by 

ft  hem,  than  Europeans,  m  vmdication  ot  their  pro- 
^^^^  .J.Q  prevent  ccedings.  To  fecure  the  rights  of 
:h  a  vice,  tjpon  hunting  to  maintain  the  liberty 

r  burn  ail  that  ^f  paflj^g  thro'  their  accuftomed  trafts, 
11  there  may  ^^^  ^^  guard  thofe  lands  which  they 
t  to  hoar^^^^.^^^^^^ j^^^  £^^^  ^  j^^^  tenure,  as  their 

^ftrcngthcn  thisown,  againft  any  infringment,  are  the 
tiat  It  is  agreeablgcneral  caufes  of  thofe  diflcnfions 
to  burn  all  they  le^yjji^h  ^^  ^f^^j^  break  out  between  the 
thofe  who  ue^^^jjjjjj^^  Nations^.  He  agrees  with 
(""i^niiful  fubfUl^^arlevoix,  that  the  Indians  feel  in- 
*rs"  '^  "  juries 


i' 


■-^W'jir'S' 


•^'      '■lCfc-» 


<■'  r 


I 


1. 


r\ 


■■.■;,  \,s 


c 


12 


) 


^^9 


«  ardour."  ,.      Country,  ^^e  was  ^j, 

Whiia  in  the  InJ'*".;   ^be  Chipevvav=  ^^ 

inftrumcntalm  prevjjl^^     ofccutm;  „ 


.0  \ears,  f"K'*^  »„u  him,  they  l^ad  Ion;  5^ 

Jbe  old  Indians  told  hi^         j  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^^ 

tithed  to  put  an  end    «  ^^^  ^       ^^ 

endeavours  ?'«f  .^^f  ^'U,   v,bo  coul  ^j 

warriors,  of  ^*^^"ir  when  they  >ne  ^^ 

They  faid  they  in  .^^  d.tpoatio"^  ti( 

chief  of  the  »«*^„Pfl-„ffed  an  equal  d 

hiinfelf,  ^^^  :'^:^°jfScoo\r^^i^^  ^0. 
eree  of   vefolution  ana  ^^^ 

tions  -,  for  by  '"^'^  ^odation,  which,  b 

perfon,   =^^^"r"Sy  defied  might,, 

?heir  part,  they  fi»<=;j;Jbis  circumto„ 

brought  about,     t  ro  ^^bers  obke 

as^eUaswh^Tj>ugVition  of  fomeh 

of  the  P^^<^^^7^^J«ell  conclude,  <c 

the  Indians,  ^J^^^J^t^tored  people  ^ 

f^^f^^Pf  fta'es  of  reafon,  if  the  proW, 

S^SSJ^te^g^  ST-- 


(      25      ) 

y;  whence  jjjy-^^^  \\t\\i>>  to  acquaint  them  with  the  na- 
ntemittit^g  ^^^^  ^^^  precepts  of  the  Gofpel;  to  niake 
them  fenfible of  that  univerfal  brotherhood 
ry*  ^^^  ^^[  that  loving,  meek,  forgiving  fpirit,  which 
Chipewa\5  ^j^^  precepts  and  example  of  our  Saviour 
prolecuui^f  call  for,  it  would  have  been  a  matter  of 
a  courle  c  ^j^^  grtateft  joy  both  to  them  and  us  ; 
leni.  Y^^^  but  the  reverfe  has  happened,  except  in 
ey  had  \o^:  ^  fc^  particular  inftances  ;  the  different 
It  that  tne  denominations  of  Chriftians  have  rather 

)y  the  your  ^j^g^   fj.^^j^  ^^^^  j^  jjj|3  f^H'g  ^'j^g^   ^y  jjj. 

who  coui  ^jf'i^g  ti^g  pQQj.  Natives,  when  it  has  fuit- 
tien  they  inc  ^^  their  political  purpofe,  to  violence 
appy»  ^v^^-amongft  themfelves,  and  to  become  par- 

difpofition  jjgg  y^  ^Yic,  wars  they   have  waged  one 

an  equs-^  °againft  another. 
)olnefe,  wou  ^  difpofition  to  mifreprefent  and  black- 
en  the  two  Jgiii  the  Indians,  in  order  to  juftify,  or 
»nce  of  f^c'^'paHiate  the  praftice  of  unjuft  and  cruel 
)n,  wh'^^^'  bcafures  towards  them,  has  particularly 
[efired  might|ppeared  in  the  afFedling  cafe  of  thofe 
Ls  circumftanjjjjans,  denominated  Moravian  Indians, 
d  others  obie'ettled  on  the  Muikingum,  a  branch  of 
ion  of  fomehe  Ohio  ;  who  have,  of  late,  deeply  fuf- 
\  conclude,  ^'ercd  on  account  of  what  they  thought 
ored  people  ^hc  peaceable  fpirit  of  the  Gofpel  requir- 

if  the  profeij  ^f  them.      A  true  reprefentation  of 

a  proper  uf^e  ftate  and  difpofition  of  thofe  Indians, 
te  they  "wercj  well  as  an  account  of  this  deplorable 

laboured,  ^  anfadion,  drawn  from  the  account  giv- 


131 


'4 


en 


H 


\\ 


:  \ 


I 


c 


24        ) 


ftol  *<=  <"'■"' Vi,'Jo  prevent  to  )  ] 

>vc\fave   or  uu 

order,  ^^'^     4.ht  m.    namea    *■  **Vof  nm^i 
f    nne   01    tu^^M     -.  i^^^p  at  that  tmi" 

The  place  of  tbcir  ^eW^^^^^sufqueto^^ 

*,a    about  aoo  ".'^^;'         i,ad  with  foi 

l^'the  convc^^^^fa  vlfit  to  that  cj« 
Jerious  people,  m   a  ^^^  ^^^^^n  tfy 

«lolut\on  to  lajc  "»  P^^j.^,^  to  the  O 

Bemg>/;- r^^^^^    io  fejlr^^  ^- 
.^     44  Did  not  1^''  (Tjifach  other*         ^j 

"' t«Mo '<'-V'lf  S  ^^^^   cover 
beW  »  conference  >* 


11-* 


(    25    ) 


ccffary,  a«  in  which  they  informed  him,    "  That 
t  {utferen  *^  they  remembered    the  old  friendfliip 
ecn  fo  un«*'  which  fubfiftcd  between  their  Forefa- 
'ventftran*^  thers  and  ours;  that  they  were  great 
■  us    fron/^  lovers  of  peace,  and   had  not  taken 
of  the  Na"  any  part  in  the  war." 
•e  upon  tb(     They  delivered  three  white  prifoners 
the  Wbittwhich  they  had  recovered  from  the  other 
Indians.     They   defired  that   no  ftrong 
Indians  indrink  fliould  be  given  them,  nor  be  fent 
d  reliffiou^^   their   town.     The   fpeaker,    Papun- 
bv  meati^i^^'^5  appeared  ferious,  as  under  a  fenfe 
p'anunhanpf  the  Divine  Prefence,  and  concluded 
that  t\m<l^*t^i   a  folemn  prayer,  wita  which  the 
^c^r  ug\^aiirhole  audience  feemed  much  affecled. 
Philadelphi    About  13  years   part,    thefe   Indians 
ad  vrith  foiT«cc{,^^g^  with    difficulty,    from   an  en- 
that  cit'*'^^^^*^  ^^    White  Settlers     near    them, 
.         vben  tfy  ^^'^^  fpirituous  liquors  were  brought 
\^^\  di?n  viP   ^'^^^^  towns ;    they    removed   to  the 
V  ^   fenfe  ^ulkingum,  a  branch  of  the  Ohio.     In 
S^vhlch  ti^^ir  perigrination  thither    they  were  ac- 
\  their  p?"^P^^i^^  t)y  fomc  of  the  Moravians, 
^*^  d  i^ ''^^  ^^^^  ^^"S  refided  with  them,  and 

^^^  '*  ^^  aiTv^  ^^^^^  careful  attention,  both  to  their 
herein  ,  i^^.vil  and  religious  concerns,  never  leav- 
ng  to  tne  ^  them,  even  in  the  times  of  their  great- 
t^^J'  ^^P  j^l  danger  and  difficulty,  a  near  and 
to  dejtroy  a^jy  connexion  between  them  took 
bother*  ^ace. 
t^^   Gove.  ^  j3^^^.^^ 


/  (^ 


«  « 


i'<    ' 


t;. 


If 


i 


adhering  ^^  *^,  PJiV  refufed  to  take  ^^, 

part  m  ^7^J:Led  abufes  they  receive - 
threats  and  i^epeatw  ^^.^^^^  ^o 

°."  ?"wlS?e  paS  v^h-ich  paired  th,fi 
ticularly  tnoic  pet  ^^^  f^^g* 

;l:t^r;.'thfy"UetLes  d«P^ 
om  their  l^oftfle    "^^S;  ^rVa'^^ 

fAi  t nune  condua  bemg  r^^^^^^^^^^ 
cbft-aive  to  t^eJ^^^i^P^Sgth  L- 
the  Tribes  ^^  ^;;' ^„g  them  off.    /« 

the  pretence  of  <=f '^'"Sf  ^uguft,  i?*^ 
cordingly,  on  the  4th^ot  A  g^^^  ^^j 

a  ftrmg  of  Wampum  ^^^^^p 

Chief  of  tbe.Y^ondats,  v^n 
Sanduiky, -^h  a -cffag^^^ 
know,  He  was  coming       ^^  ^^^  ^^  re 
warriors ;  but  bidmgn  ^^  ^d 

for  he  was  their  friend,     in  „, 

after,  .ao  .--^^jS  ue„  o^  '^^  t 
ingacouncdonhehe^a   ^^  ^tl 

Moravian  towns,       j  ^^        , 

they  were  comedo  take  mj^^^,,,,^y. 
dcringit  for  a  realon,  ^^^^^^^ 

«  their  ^^^f^lZ^^^l^^Vr    The:^ 
a  to  them  iiitneir  ^<y\  y  ^^ 


(      ^7      ) 

had  Ion  *■*  .inipoAible  tor  them  to  remove  at  that 
\  take  an"'  ^^"^^>  ^^^^  leave  their  corn  behind  them, 
-,  ^  dine  tl:*'*  '^^^  ^^^y  ^"^  ^^^^^  children  fhould  pe- 
vf  rpceive**'^'^^'^  ^^^^^  hunger  in  the  wildernefs." 
flbes  pa'I'^  this,  the  Chief  of  the  Wyondats,  at 
^  ^Ved'thi  '  feemed  to  attend  j  but  being  iufti- 
^  ^     „^  frnKatcd  by  fome  white  men  in  their  com- 

tO    our  iroo  /  r/i    j    •        l    •         r  i      • 

nes  diffuadW'  tl^^y  Pei-ftfted  in  their  refolut.on ; 

^A  t^rana  after  kilhnff  many  oi  the  cattle  and 

ms,  and  V\  .     .       ^        i    •     u  j  )•  i 

n-  or  wai^^' /W»ng    ^P    their    bciamg,    and 

T    '      dan2^^"^"^^^^^^S  ^^^^y  other  outrages,  on  the 
^^^^    J    g^28th  of  Auguft,  and   Septmber,  forced 


5^^^  \.       them  from  their  three  towns,  in  ail  be- 
procee  I  ^  .^^^p  ^  ^^^  ^^^  perfons ;  who,   after  a 

u         fF     /^^^^us  journey  in  the  wildernefs,  arrived 

ft  '  17^^  ^  branch  of  Sandufky  creek,  where 

f^  f  bv '^^  body  of  them  were  ordered  to  re- 

^V        rr^pfi^**^'     ^ome  of  their  principal  men  were 

1     '   ff  ti"^°^   ^^  ^^^j^^  ^''^^^  Schuyler  De  Pey- 
5,  lettmg   J       ^j^^  Enpliih  Commander  at  fort  De- 

K  afrj**^^^'  ^      commended  them,  asapeace- 

^  r    r  ri'blc  people,  and  exhorted  them  to  re- 

in a   tew  c    .    '     A    ',         111    rri 
!i       Vi  n  c^^^^  '  added,   ihat  many  com- 

"^  Tth  tl'^^'^"^^  ^^'^^  ^^^"^  made  of  them;  that 
men  01  jhey  had  given  intelligence  to  his  ene- 
acquamtea  u^j^g^  S:c.  he  had  fent  for  them  ;  but 
hemaw^y  '  ^^^  j^j^  inftrudlions  had  been  exceeded, 
•  That  ^}^^y^^x  the  ill-treatment  they  had  receivect ; 
great  oDini  j^^^^^y^j,  j^^  vvould  provide  for  the 
path."     J-"^' 


m. 
Tlius 


f  I 


f 


:/ 


4 


9 


•!      . 


■    ^ 


(         28         ) 

Thus  the  matter  refted  till  the  fpr}ng, 
1782,  when  thcle  Moravian  Indians  find. 
ing  corn  fcarce  and    dear  at  Sanduiky, 
dcfired  liberty  to  return  to  their  fettle 
ments,  to  fetch   fome  of  their  corn,  0  ^ 
which   they   had  left   above    200  acrei^ 
Handing  5  which  when   granted,    man]  * 
of  them  went,  among  whom  were  fevc  J 
ral  widows  with  their  children,  fome  c  ^ 
whom  had  been  fubjecled    10  fuch  a  ^ 
tremcwam,  as  to  eat  the  careafcs  of  tl^. 
dead  cattle  and  horfes.  ? 

When  the  people  at  and  about  the  Mc^ 
nongahela,  underftood  a  number  of  Ind 
ans  wereat  the  Moravian  towns,  they  gai^f 
out,   that  the  intention  of  thofe  peop^j^' 
was,  to  fall  upon  the  back  inhabitant^ 
which  ought  to  be  prevented.     Wher*^ 


ab 


in 


upon  about  16c   men  got  together, 
fwimming  their   horfes   over  the  Ohi 
came  fuddenly  upon  the  chief  Moravk, 
town.     The  firft  perfon   who  appeare' 
they  Ihot  at  and  wounded,  when  comif/ 
up  to  him,  they  found  he  was    an  h 
Indian,  fon   to  John  Bull,    one  of  t 
Moravians,    by  an    Indian    woman, 
whom  he   is    regularly   married ;    il. 
killed  and  fcalped  him,  and  proceed 
to'  the  town.      The    Moravian    Indiale 
who   were   moftly  in  the  fields  pullia 

cc 


(      ^9      ) 
•    •      cdrn,  did  not  run  ofF,  as  many  of  them 

X       V  d  ™'8^^^'  ^^  ^^^y  ^^^  ^^^^  confcious  of  any 
c  ^!l   ri  '  offence  5  but  came  of  their  own  accord, 

h  •  f^ttk  '^^^  *^^  ^^^"'  ^^  ^^^  ^^'^  ^^  ^^^  ^^*^^ 
their    e       p^^pje^  who  at  firft,  expreffed  friendfhip 

:ir  corn,     ^  them  ;  but  foon  after,  violently  feized 

'^T  ^^an!  ^^^  ^^^"^  ^^^^'  ^^^"  ^^^  Helpers,  * 
^^^  '     r     of  whom  there  were  five  of  the  moft  re- 

^  ^^^^         ^ftable,  in   the   company,  and  others 
^"'  f    h     exhorted  the  younger,  to  fubmiffion  and 
^^-       r!vP^6ence;    telling    them,    they   thought 
realcs  01     ^^^  troubles  in  this  world,  would  foon 
,    TUT  be  at  an  end,  and  they  would  be  with 
bout  tne      ij^^jj.  Saviour.     They  then  fung  and  pray- 
Liiber  ot  ^^  ^^dt  together,  till  they  were  led  out,  one 
ns,  they  g  ^^^  the  other,  and  inhumanly  llaughter- 
^^       W  ^  V^'*  ^^^         men,  and  then  the  women. 
f"  ^^  ^^^  wh^  made  their  eicape,  relat- 

ed, ^"^'^•dthefe  particulars.  One  of  them  lay 
together,  aijj^  the  heap  of  the  dead,  in  a  houfe,  and 
srer  the  U  1^^^^^  fcalped ;  but  recovering  his  fenfes, 
hief  Moravu.f^p^j  .  ^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^  j^^j  ^jj  ^imfelf 

^ho  appe^^finijcr  the  floor,  was  an  eye-witnefs  of 
when  comiijj^  tragic  fcene,  and  faw  the  blood  of 
e  was   an  n  q  ^  ^^^ 

I,    one  ot  t 

^n    woman, —     , 

□oar tied;    ^^^      . 

and  proceeu  t  Xhcfe  are  Indians  who  afllft  the  mifliona- 
ravian  IndbtM  m  keeping  good  order  amongft  their  people, 
fields  pull^^  ^^^  occafton,  give  public  c^hortatioas, 

cc     ''    '  .  ^ 


1 


'.}". 


I   ;»{ 


i 


f 


( 


0« 


) 


the  flain  running  in  a  dream.    Thefelndl.  < 
ans  before  being  bound,  were  fo  little  ap«  t 
prehenfive  of  being  charged  with  guilt, « 
that  they  informed  the  White  People,  tba:  c 
more  of  their  brethren  were  at  another  j 
town  to  which  they  accompanied  them 
who  in  like  manner  fell   a  facrifice   witl  f 
them,    to  the  barbarity  of  the  whites  a 
The  dead  bodies  were  afterwards  burneio 
with  the  houfes.      Before   their  death  •• 
they  were  alfo  obliged  to  (hew  in  wb" 
part  of  the   woods  they  had  conceale" 
their  efFcfts,  when  the  other  Indians  (a  •* 
before  mentioned)  took  them  away.      " 
Thofe  at  the  third  town  having  fom** 
intelligence  of  what  paffed,  made  the,** 
cfcape*     One  of  the  Helpers,  who  efcaj** 
ed  relates.  That  in  a  conference  they  h** 
with  the  other  Helpers,  when  they  co:** 
fidered  what  they  Ihould  do  in  cafe  of  2** 
attack,   either  from  the   Americans,  ** 
the  Indians,  who  had  taken  part  with  t^* 
Englifli,  fome  of  whom  charged  them" 
having,  thro*  the  intelligence  they  ga" 
to  the    Virginians,    been  the    occali** 
of  the   flaughtcr    of  their  brethren,'* 
Gofchaching  ;  the  refult  of  their  conf(* 
encc  was, "  Not  to  go  away,  never thel'* 
•*  to  leave  each  one  to  aft  according  toi* 
"  feeling  of  bis  own  heart.    He  addC* 


...,, 


C    31     ) 


Thefelndi.  a  That  there  was  fo  much  love  amongft 
fo  little  ap- ««  them,  that  he  had  never  felt  the  like 
with  guilt, ««. before."  This  is  a  fummary  of  this 
People,  that  dreadful  tranfadion,  as  it  is  given  by  the 
*  at  another  principle  leader  of  thofe  that  remain, 
mied  them  The  Account,  as  it  (lands  in  the  Penn- 
crifice  witt  fylvania  Gazette,  of  April  17th,  1782, 
the  whites  after  giving  an  account  of  the  incurfions 
ards  burneiof  the  Indians,  adds,  "  That  the  peo- 
their  deatli  •*  pic  being  greatly  alarmed,  and  having 
icw  in  wb**  received  intelligence  that  the  Indian 
td  conceale"  towns,  on  the  Muflkinr>im,  had  not 

jr  Indians  (a  •*  moved  as  they  had  been  told a 

n  away.     **  number  of  men  properly  provided,  col- 
having  fom**  Icfted  and  rendevoufed  on  the  Ohio, 
made  the"  oppofite  the  Mingo   Bottom,  with  a 
s  whoefcaj**  dcfign    to  furprife  the   above   towns 
encethey  b**  •*— 160  men  fwam  the  river,  and 


len  they  co:**  proceeded  to  the  towns  on  the  Muf- 
)  in  cafe  of  f*  kingum,  where  the  Indians  had  col- 
^mericans,  "  k^ed  a  large  quantity  of  provifions 
n  part  with  t^'  to  fupply  their  war-parties.  They  ar- 
larged  them"  rived  at  the  town  in  the  night,  undif- 
nce  they  ga'*  covered,   attacked  the  Indians  in  their 

the  occali"  cabbins,  and  fo  completely  furprifed 
brethren/*  them,    that   they  killed  and   fcalped 

£  their  conff*  upwards  of  90,  but  a  few  making 
neverthel'*  their  efcape,  about  40  of  which  were 

ccordinetof*  warriors,  the  reft  old  women  and  chil- 
?*  He  addf*  ^^cn.  About  80  horfcs  fell  into  their 
^^'    *^^^V     ^  1^  hands. 


i 


i  n 


\ri 


\  t 


i 


■\v 


I: 


U 


•I 


«»  ikms}   ^V^^,  r„  ^f  one  roan."  i 

U  is  alledged,  in^J"''"^  of  thofcln>° 
deliberate  roaffacrc,  that  40  o*       ^^^^^^at 

^^"Srbrthnffertln  contn-^ 
•?'  ^r°?Vf  !';or  bad  it  been  the  cafe,  ^ 

^'^'  "  vl;w  thcY  ^^ould  have  brougl     . 
is   not  bkely  they  .^^^j,  and  3^ 

their  «^^«V  7"  ere  flain  v^itb  them,  c.  ' 

*=^''^'"4red ArroVuh  thcmfelves  to^^; 
havefuffcredthem  ^^^.       hela,„, 

thus  murdered,  Jtn  ^^.derers. 

,efi  lance,  or  "•«"  ^"       c  ^^idc  Indian 
Soon  after  the  de^hot  mj 

about  SO°«^<="'n.P  ffSledattheoldMii- 
thiseafyconqueftaffemb^g^^^^^ 

g°«?"^^'''cSfl^rfcback,  fet  on  for  S; 

*'^'';PP  vhS  the  remaining  part  of  t!**; 
du(ky,.v^here  the  .^  ^^^      ^ 

Moravian     1«'^"^  A,,    -nd  other  Indk  j 

dellroy  that  ff ^^^"^^J^,"  he  Wyand.  , 
towns  in  thofe  parts  ,  Dm  ^^^^ 

r.'  tf'hlf :;proS^-^  ^f; ' 

led?,e  ot  tneir  aHF  cement  cnfi , 

Sandufey,  ^^^"/Sie  aifailants  vvere  k,e 

in  wnich  fome  of  the  a"a 

ed    and  feveral  taken  pri  loners, 

;^hom  .»as  the  Cowmaader  Col.  t^, 


?k. 


^\ 


■  -**. 


1 


•      tk  C      33      ) 

f    rs  and  '^^^>  ^^^  ^'^^  fon-inJaw.    The  Col.  the 

Vi      Ohio  '"^^^"s  put  to  a  cruel  death,  and  killed 

'  the  other,  with  other  prilbners. 

f  this      Doubtlefs  the  cruelty  exercifed  on  the 

^?^\  fe  In  ^^'*  ^"^  ^^  death  of  the  prifoners  taken 

le  to  attacl''^S*"^"*y'  was,  in  a  great  mcafurc, 

•  .owing  to  the  murder  of  the  peaceable 

^^9^      r     Moravian  Indians,  at  which  they  expreff- 

K     ,Ucd  much  difpleafure. 


ive 


brougt 


This  grievous   tranfaftion  appears  m 


•^^'vf^  r  y^^  more  affliftive  point  of  view,  wheii 
itb  them,  •  .  confidered,  that  tho'  many  threats 
nfclves,  to  ^^  ^^^^  thrown  out  againft  thofe  Indi- 
kmg  the  \ti^^^^  j^^^j^  ^^  ^^^  Englifh  and  Amerl- 
murderers.  ^        ^        ^^     ^^^^  ^^  ^     ^^^  ^j^^.^  ^^^ 

thefe  Indian     .»     >         >  ^  ^^^j 

incouragedt      ^ 

at  the  old  Mr- — . ^ 

lhio,andbcii 

fet  on  for  Sa  *  As  the  Wyondat  King  in  his  Speech   told 

nart  of  t^*™»    **  ^y  coufins,  you  Chriftian  Indians,  ia 

^S  .r         ,     *  Gnadenhutten,  Shoenbrun   and  Salem,  I  am 

J,  in   ^^^  y  concerned  on  your  account,  as  I  lee  yvou   live 

id  other  Incii  in  a  dangerous  fituation.      Two  mighty  and 

the  WyandC  angry  Gods  ftand  oppofite  to  each  other,  with 

fome  k^O  their  mouths   wide  open,  and  you  ftand  be- 

,  .V  tween  them,  and  are  in  danger  of  being  cruLV 

met  tnein       cd  by  the  one  or  the  other  of  them,  or  both, 

gement  enlU  ^nd  crumbled  with  their  teeth."      To  which 

lilantS  were  W  Chriftian  Indians   anfwered,  Uncle,  &c.  &c. 

Inners    anior>tt   Shawanees  our  Nephews We  have  hi- 

C  \     C;}^^^  ^^^  ^^^"^  ^^^  fituation  fo  dangerous  as  not 
4er  v*^*'      j'l  ftay  here.    We  live  in  peace  with  all  mankind, 


t' 


a^i 


I 


5t* 


i" 


V 


!-« 


F, 


"*^. 


(      3^^      ) 

cunty,  tmftmg  -m  tje  -re  of  Heav.^ 

''"'!l  ^''  fr&ad  ived^nany.  ye.«  g! 
under  which  they  nau  ^^  ^j^, 

Vuh  due  fubr^iffion.     But        .^     ^^^  ^ 

en  up  to  obduracy,  C4  j  peop.  - 

on,  ^^^.^^ZJon^cor^ccrr^cA  in  tl^j 
will  be  heavy  upon  au  »-  ^^ 

fhcdding  of  «•      .      Indian  cruelty  j  t-i^.; 
^'"In^S  Indians  have  dou^j 

is  any  ^^^'^^S  J,,,  confidcred)  more  4^ 
(all  circumftanccs  com       ^    ^^^  ^ 
confiftent  with juftice,  re      ^^^^^^^  « 
tnanity,  ;han  the  murde   o  ,   d 

Vian  Indians  ;  ^  P^J^^'^^^^  ^hcn   ut>i^, 
pie,  whole  condua,  even   ^^  ^  ^^^^^^^ 

*^^  ''Sivin^H'lpforfupport,asm^„ 
ance  on  ^'vine  n_.  P  ^^  fuffeta. 

1 


,„aha.eno<hmgtodo-uh«he  -^  ^^  J 

fire  and  requeft  ^']«'^^J\,i  quiet •' 

permitted  to  Uve  '»;  P^^^^j  ««gda  tteo"' 

and  fead  you,  UaeW, 


)   \ 


A. 


■*^,. 


-SST' 


% 


(      35      ) 

>f  Heaven.  ^^^  ^^^j^  fidelity  to  the  government  b^d 
)vernmcm  ^y^f^^^  manifeftcd  them  to  be  our  fpecial 
nany  yea^i  friends. 

uch  vs     i      jj^  vindication  of  this  barbarous  tranf- 

at  It  gra  ^  j^£^Jqj^^  endeavours  have  been  ufed,  to 

feariul    e  juj^j^^^  us  believe,  that  the  whole  race  of 

ireiy  a  tm  ludj^ns  are  a  people  prone  to  every  vice, 

'     '^^A  M  ^^^  deftitute  of  e^ery  virtue  ;  and  with- 

their  deluii  ^^^  ^  capacity  for  improvement.     What 

Dcent  peoij  h  this  but  blafphcmoufly  to  arraign  the 

•rned  in  ^^^ifdom  of    our  Creator,  and  infmuate, 

,  thajj^the  exiftencc  He  has  given  them,  is 

1  cruelty;  "'ifi^nipatible  with  his  moral  government 

J  have  aotjojf^hc  world.     But  this  muft  be  admitted 

ed)  more  i^^  make  way  for  the  propofal  of  endea- 

ifon,  and  "^  v0uring  the  univerfal  extirpation  of  In- 

)f  thofe  Moi^jj^jjjg  f^Qj^  ^j^g  f^^Q  Qf  ^l^g  earth.     Such, 

,  innocent  pcj^jj^g  1  is  the  manner  in  which  too  many 

when   ^i^^of  the  pretended  followers,  of  the  meek 

iced  a  deperg^uij  fuffering  Saviour  of  the  world,  would 

Lpport,  as  ni^fulfil   the    prophecy     concerning    him, 

their  fufferiru  gr^^/  /j^  jhall  have  the  Heathen  for  his 

ious  principle*  inheritance^  and  the  uttertnoji  Parts  of 

^*  the  earth  for  his  p'offe/fwnJ**     And  who 

limfelf  declared,    *^  Tljat  he  cams  not  to 
—. — — — <  de/^roy  mens*  lives^  but  to  fave  ihem\** 

md  when  fainting  in  his  lad  agony,  un- 
the  war.  ^Mer  mockery  and  derifion,  conceived  at 
in  that  ^^J^^fiQc,  a  prayer,  and  an  apology  for  his 
'^'^  fidM  theta-fl^tt^^^crers :  *«  Father^  forgive  ibem^  th?y 
^  *«  know 


wer 


(    36    ) 

^^'  kndw  not  what  they  doJ**    Now  fo  far 
as  we  know  the  prevailance  of  this  fpirit 
of  love  and  forgivenefs,  over  the  pride 
and  wrath  of  our  hearts,  fo  far  are  we 
the   difciples  and  followers  of    Chrift ; 
and  fo  far  only,  can  we  truly  pray  for, 
and  witnefs  the  coming  of  His  kingdom : 
and  on  the  other  hand,  fo  far  as  we  arc 
fubjeft  to  a  vindictive   and   unforgiving 
fpirit,  fo  far   wc  arc  in  a  ftate  of  alie- 
nation from  God,    and  reprobate  con* 
ccrning  a  true  faith  in  the   Lord  Jefus 
Chrift^  which  works  only  by  love,  to  the 
purifying  of  the  heart  from  every  difpo- 
fition  of  a  contrary  nature.       Was  this 
diftinclion  always  obferved  in  our  re'*<5i« 
ous    difcriminations    of    mankind,    we 
Ihould  get  thro'  abundance  of  frivolous 
and   fuperficial  prejudices  which  divide 
the  Chriftian  World,  and  be  convinced, 
that  it   is  not  the  colour  of  our  Ikins, 
outward  circumftances  or  profeffion,  but 
the  ftate  and   temper  of  the  mind  and 
will,  which  makes  us  Jews  or  Gentiles ; 
Chriftians  or  Heathens ;  Eleft  or  Repro- 
bate, in  the   figlit  of  God,     That  this 
change  of  heart  is  the  fure  effeft  of  the 
coming  of   Chrift's  kingdom,   was  evi- 
denced in  many  of  thofe  Indians,  whofe 
cafe  is  here  reprefented  \  who,  by  yield- 

iii{ 


th( 
tiall 


X  \ 


'C? 


fo  fat 
s  fpirit 
»  pride 
are  we 
Chrift  •, 
ray  for, 
igdom : 

we  arc 


'hat  this 

la  of  the  I 

was  evi- 

by  yield- 


(      37     ) 

iiig  to  the  operations  of  Divine  Grace, 
were  brought  to  an  entire  reformation  of 
mind  and  manners.  That  favage  feroci- 
ty, with  allthofc  dazzUng  notions  of  ho- 
nour, to  be  gained  from  the  deftrud:ion 
of  mankind,  fo  natural  to  the  fallen  fons 
of  Adam,  have  gradually  melted  away 
in  thefe  Indians,  into  a  frame  of  meek- 
nefs,  humihty  and  love,  which  fup- 
ported  them  in  that  lamb-like  fubniiffion, 
under  that  remarkable  fucceflion  of  trials 
and  afflidlions  which  was  permitted  to  at- 
tend them  ;  whereby  many  of  them  are 
at  length  put  beyond  the  reach  of  enmi- 

We  are  told  by  a  late  Author,  who 
appears  zealous  for  the  extirpation  of  all 
Indians,  "  That  for  a  keg  of  w hi/key j 
"  you  ?night  induce  any  Indian  fo  murder 
"  his  *wife^  children  and  bejl  friend.*^ 
That  this  is  not  a  jufl  charafter  of  Indi- 
ans, all,  who  are  ac  'uainted  with  that 
people,  can  teftify :  yei  there  are,  doubt- 
jlcfs,  ill-difpofed  people  amougft  them,  as 
well  as  amongft  us,  who  under  the  dread- 
ful power  of  (trong  drink,  (which  has  an 
Uncommon  bad  effc£l  on  them)  may  be 
led  into  the  greatefl:  enormities.  Never- 
thelcfs,  as  has  been  mentioned,  impar- 
jtial  men,  who  from  good  views,  have 

I)  vifited 


■■■yr 


^»- 


fl 


'•') 


(   38    ) 

vifited  or  refided  with  them,  reprcfent 
them  in  a  very  difl'erent  light :  as  Char- 
levoix, and  other  French  and  Spanifh 
Authors :  John  ElHott,  Ihomas  Mayew; 
John  Sergeant,  in  New-England  ;  David 
Brainard  and  others  in  the  Jerfeys  ;  and 
more  lately  the  Moravians  in  difl'erent 
parts.  Thefe  have  fpent  much  time  and 
labour  for  the  civil  and  religious  improve- 
ment of  the  Natives,  in  which  they  all 
exprefled  fatisfadion  and  comfort. 

And  it  is  wonhy  of  peculiar  notice, 
that  in  the  wars  the  Indians  have  waged 
upon  our  frontiers,  there  has  fcarce  been 
an  inftance  of  any  of  thofe  Indians,  who 
had  made  a  ferious  profeffion  of  the 
Chriftian  Religion,  having  been  concern- 
ed in  the  barbarous  eruptions  againft  us.* 

Thefe 


'     i 


♦Neal,  p.  3o,2cl.  vol.  fays,  **There  isnne  thing 
*«  which  deferi^es  to  be  taken  notice  of;  that  is, 
«*  the  unfhaken  fidelity  of  the  fndian  Converts, 
««  during  the  whole  coHrfe  of  the  war.  whomnei-| 
•*  thcr  perfuafion  nor  threatnings  of  their  coun- 
*«  trymen,  could  draw  from  their  allegiance  to  I 
««  the  Engiifh.  The  government  had  a  watchful 
«*  eye  upon  them  at  firll,  and  the  mob  being  in- 
«<  cenfed  againft  Indians,  could  hardly  be  re* 
'<  flraincjd  from  facrificing  the  Converts  to  theirl 
y  fury."  Thcl 


tht 
ilfl,. 
lout 


eprefent 
IS  Char- 
Spanifti 
Mayew, 
;  David 
ys  ;  and 
different 
inie  and 
improve- 
they   all 


arce  been 
ans,  who 
1  of  the 
concern- 
ainft  us."^' 
Thefe 


(       39       ) 

Thefc  have  generally  put  theiTifelves  un- 
dcjrthe  protection  of  their  feveral  govern- 
ments ;  as  former  iniiances  in  New-Eng- 
land, and  the  inftance  of  the  Moravian 
Indians,  both  in  the  former,  and  late 
war,  will  undoubtedly  evince. 

The  people  of  Pennfylvania,  and  New- 
Jerfeys,  as  has  been  already  noted,  have 
had  full  opportunity  to  experience  the 
good  difpolition  and  kindneis  of  the  In- 
dians, fo  long  as  they  were  treated  with 
juftice  and  humanity,  as  particularly  ap- 
pears from  the  many  ftrikinj^inftances  of 
probity,  gratitude  and  beneficence,  on 
record,  at  a  time  when  the  difparity  of 
their  numbers  was  fo  great,  that  they 
might  have  eafily  deftroyed  the  fettlers, 

had 


is  nne  thing 
of;  that  is, 
I  Converts, 

whomnei- 
their  coun- 
llegiance  to 

a  watchful] 
,b  being  in- 

dly  be  re- 

Irts  to  their 

The 


The  fame  Author  obferves,  That  the  govern- 
ment was  fo  well  fatisfi'id  with  the  fidelity  cf  the 
|IiKitans,  that  inflead  of  difarming  them,  as  was 
defired.  rhe  Indians  fvi  Martha's  Vineyard,  who 
were  twenty  to  Dne  in  number  to  rhe  White 
People,  continued  fo  fciiihfiil  to  their  engnire- 
infnts,  that  chcy  were  fiippiied  with  all  forts  of 
ammunition,  and  ine  defence  of  the  Illmd  com- 
mitted to  their  care  ;  and  fo  faithful  were  they  to 
their  truft,  that  ail  people  thnl  landed  upon  the 
Iflmd.  during  the  cnnrfe  of  the  war,  were,  with" 
I  out  diftiaflion,  brought  before  the  GcvernoFr 


"1 


^  1 


(       Ao       ) 

had  they  been  ib  minded.  But  io  far 
were  they  from  molefting  thcni,  that  they 
were  rather  as  nurfmg  fathers  to  tliem  ; 
granting  them  ample  room  for  fettlc- 
ments ;  freely  allilling  them  with  the 
means  of  Hvlng,  at  eafy  races  ;  rnanifcil- 
ing,  thro'  a  long  courfe  of  years,  a  ftrict 
care  and  tidelltv  in  obiervino;  their  trea- 
ties,  and  fulfilling  their  other  engage- 
ments ;  which  there  is  the  greateft  reafon 
to  conclude  would  iliil  be  the  cafe,  in 
every  part  of  the  continent,  if  the  fam,e 
equitable  and  kind  meafures  wxre  purfu- 
ed. 

Upon  the  whole,  it  is  a  matter  of  un- 
doubted perfuafion,  with  impartial  peo- 
ple, who  have  been  converfant  with  Indi- 
ans, that  if  their  dipofitions  and  natural 
powers  are  duly  confidered,  they  will  be 
found  to  be  equally  with  our  own,  capa- 
ble of  improvement  in  knowledge  and 
virtue,  and  that  the  apparent  difference 
between  us  and  them,  is  chiefly  owing  to 
our  different  ways  of  life,  and  different 
ideas  of  what  is  neceffary  and  defirable, 
and  the  advantage  oi  education,  which 
puts  it  in  our  povi^er  to  glofs  over  our 
own  conduft,  however  evil  j  and  to  fet 
theirs,  however  dcfcnfible,  in  the  moil 
odious  point  Oc'  li^ht. 

Much 


(       41       ) 

Much  of  their  blaniable  condiid,  now 
complained  of,  is  certainly  imputable  to 
a  long  continued  train  of  fraudulent  and 
corrupt  practices,  in  our  intercourfe  with 
ihem,  efpecially,  the  fatal  introdudioa 
of  ftrong  drink,  of  which  they  have  of- 
ten complained,  *  and  defired  it  might 

not 


*  At  the  treaty  at  Carlifle,  in  17^,  the  Indi- 
ans fay,  **  The  Rum  ruins  us.  We  beg  yon 
*•  would  prevent  its  coming  in  fuch  quantities. 
**  We  defire  it  may  be  forbidden,  and  none  fold 
**  in  the  Indian  country;  but  that  if  the  Indians 
"  will  have  any,  they  nny  go  amonijft  the  In- 
**  habitants,  and  deal  with  them.  When  thefe 
*•  Whiiliey  traders  come,  they  bring  30  or  40 
"  Kegs,  and  put  them  before  us,  and  make  us 
«*  drink,  and  get  all  the  fkins  ihnt  fiiould  go  to 
••  pay  the  debts  we  have  contra(fled,  for  goods 
*•  bought  of  the  fair  trader  ;  and  by  this  means, 
*'  we  n  ^t  only  ruin  ourfelves,  but  them  too. 

*«  The  wicked  whitl^ey  leilers,  when  they  have 
'*  once  got  the  Indians  in  liquor,  make  them  fell 
*•  their  very  clothes  from  their  back^.  In  ihort, 
f-*  if  this  practice  b:  continued,  we  muft  be  inc- 
**  vitably  ruined.  We  mod  earneftly,  therefore, 
«'  befeech  you  to  remedy  it." 

Wc  find  an  early  record,  in  the  HiRory  of  Ncvv- 
Jerfey.  to  the  credit  ol  the  people  of  that  d.iy, 
That  at  a  conference  they  held  with  the  Indians, 
where  8  Kings  or  Chiefs  were  prcfent,  the  fpcakcr 

cxprefled 


-r^ 


1 1  i5 


not  be  brought  amongfl  them,  by  which 
inllead  of  allaying  the  ferment  of  cor* 
rupt  nature,  by  a  good  example,  and  the 
good  inftruftion,  which  our  fuperior 
knowledge  would  enable  us  to  give  them, 
too  many  have  been  inftrumental  in  work- 
ing them  up  to  a  ftate  of  dlftradion, 
which  when  it  has  burd  forth  in  vengeance 
upon  ourfelves,  is  made  a  pretence  for 
deftroying  them,  as  tho'  they  were  whol- 
ly the  aggrelibrs. 

That  Indians  may  be  tempted  or  pro- 
voked to  the  perpetration  of  great  evils, 
by  the  intemperate  love  and  ufe  of  ftrOng 

liquors, 


'■.1 


.    *1 


'I 


cxprefT  d  himfelf  to  the  following  cfFciSl :  **  Strong 
«*  liquf  rs  were  fold  to  us  by  the  Sweeds  and  by 
*♦  the  Dutch  ^  thefe  people  had  no  eyes,  they 
««  did  not  fee  it  was  hurtful  to  us  ;  that  it  made 
*'  us  n^ad.  We  know  it  is  hurtful  to  us.  Nc- 
•«  verthelefs,  if  people  will  fell  it  to  us,  we  are 
'*  fo  in  love  with  it,  that  we  cannot  forbear ;  but 
•'  Dt  w  there  is  a  people  conne  to  live  amongU  us, 
•<  that  have  eyes ;  they  fee  it  to  be  for  our  hurt  ; 
'*  they  are  willing  to  deny  thcmfelves  the  profit, 
«*  for  our  goad.  Thefe  people  have  eyes,  we  are 
««  glad  fuch  a  people  are  come,  we  muft  put  it 
«*  down  by  mutual  confent.  We  give  thefe  4 
•»  belts  of  wampum to  be  a  witnefs  of  this 


«'  agreement   we  make  with  you ;    and    would 
*«  Ixave  you  tell  it  to  your  children." 


which 
f  cor- 
nel the 
peri  or 
them, 
work- 
idion, 
yeance 
ice  for 
;  whoU 

)r  pro- 
t  cvils^ 
fir  On  g 
iquors, 


1 


(      43      ) 

jafily  conceived 


Strong 
and   by 
?s,  they 
it  made 
Nc- 
we  are 
ar;  but 
Jgl^  us, 
[r  hurt ; 
profit, 
we  are 
put   it 
thefe  4 
of  this 
would 


L)ut  whether 
they,  who,  togratity  the  cravings  of  for- 
did avarice,  furnilh  them  with  the  intox- 
icating potion,  and  then  take  advantage 
of  their  fituation,  to  iinpofe  upon  them, 
and  tempt  them  to  evil,  are  not  princi- 
pally accountable,  for  the  crimes  they 
commit,  and  their  confequences,  is  not 
a  query  worthy  of  their  mod  awful 
confideratton. 

Had  the  views  of  the  inhabitants  of 
the  colonies,  been  more  juft  and  wife, 
and  their  conduft  towards  the  Natives 
regulated  by  a  benevolence  worthy  of  the 
Chriftian  Name,  every  reafonable  pur- 
pofe  of  fettling  in  their  country,  might 
have  been  fully  accompliflied,  and  they 
at  the  fame  time  become,  generally,  as 
well  civilized,  as  thofe  few  who  were 
under  the  care  of  the  Moravians,  at  the 
Mufkingum. 

The  accounts  of  the  wicked  policy 
and  cruelties  exercifed  by  the  Spaniards 
upon  their  Indians,  we  read  with  horror, 
without  confidering  how  far  ourfelves  are 
in  a  degree  guihy  of  fomethlug  of  the 

fame.  •      , 

How  many  peaceable  Indians,  refiding 
amongft  us,  have  formerly  as  well  as 
lately,  been  niurdered,  witli   impunity, 

to 


.*«*■*■ 


(■    !1 


(       44       ) 

to  fatisfy  the  rage  of  angry  men,  tho' 
under  the  proteftion  of  the  law,  with- 
out any  attonement  being  made.  * 

What  dcftruclion  both  of  Indians  and 
others,  thro'  a  violent  infringement  on 
what  they  apprehended  to  be  their  rights. 
What  dreadful  havock  has  the  defire  of 
gain  made  amongft  them,  by  the  fale  of 
fpirituous  liquors,  &c.  &c.  Surely  this 
muft  be  accounted  for,  when  an  inqui- 
fition  for  blood  takes  place.  Indeed  in- 
tereft,  as  well  as  duty,  Ihould  induce  the 
people,  in  general,  to  endeavour  the 
bringing  the  Indians  off*  from  thofc  falfe 
habits  and  prejudices,  which  are  as  ob- 
ftrudive  to  their  own  happinefs,  as  they 
are  dangerous  to  ours. 

To  what  degree  of  diflrefs,  a  few  In- 
dlans  can  reduce  a  country,  let  the  An- 
nals of  New-England  teftify,  particular- 
ly by  the  long  and  diftrefling  wars  with 
the  Eaftern  Tribes,  f  who  upon  the  mak- 
ing 


*  At  the  Coneflogo  Manor,  Lancafter  town, 
and  feveral  otherjinftances. 

\  D.  Neal,  fpeaking  of  the  cccafion  of  this 
war  with  the  Eaflern  Incli^ins,  2d.  vo).  page  24, 
iays,     "    That   the    Europeans     cheated     the 


'■  <f- 


(C 


(( 


u 


(      45       ) 

ing  a  peace  with  them,  were  found  to 
be  fo  fmall  a  number,  that  it  occafioned 
tlie  celebrated  Cotton  Mather,  to  take 
up  the  following  lamentation  :  *'  Surely 
we  had  (milt en  the  whole  army  of  the 
Indians^  that  fought  againjl  iis^  t^wenty- 
three  years  ago^  from  one  end  of  the 
"  land  to  the  other  ;  only  there  were  left 
a  few  zvoimded  amongft  them  in  the 
eajl^  and  now  they  have  rifen  iip^  eve^ 
"  ry  ?nan,  and  have  fet  the  whole  conn- 
"  try  on  fire.  Certainly  a  more  humbling 
"  matter  cannot  be  related.  Moreover^  is 
"  it  not  a  very  humbling  things  that  when 
"  about  an  hundred  Indians  durfi  begin  a 
war  upon  all  tbefe  populous  colonies^  an 
army  of  a  thoufand  Engliflo  raifed,  mufi 
not  kill  one  of  them  ally  but  in/lead  there^ 
"  ofy  mare  of  our  foldiers  perifloed  by  Jtck- 
"  nefs  and  hardflnps^  than  we  had  ene* 
"  mies  in  the  world*     Our  God  has  hum- 

''  bled 


C( 

(C 


ii 


Natives  in  the  mod  open  and  bare- faced  man- 
ner imaginable,  and  treated  them  like  flaves. 
The  Indians  were  not  infjnfible  of  this  ufage; 
but  were  afraid  to  do  themfelves  juftice,  till  they 
heared  that  all  New- England  was  involved  in  .i 
bloody  war,  when  they  plainly  told  the  Englilh^ 
they  would  bear  their  infults  no  longer." 


^^■^ 


<c 


(C 


(   46    ) 

**  bled  us.  Is  it  not  a  very  humbling 
"  things  that  when  the  number  of  our  ene- 
**  mics  afterwards  increafing^  yet  an  hand- 
ful of  them  fhould^  for  fo  many   fum- 

*  mers  together^  continue  our  unconquered 

*  fpoikrs^  and  put  us  to  fuch  vaji  charges^ 
that  if  we  would  have  bought  them  for 

•*  an  hundred  pounds  a  head^  we  fhould 
"  have  made  a  faving  bargain  of  it* 
•'  Our  God  has  humbled  us.*^  * 

What  an  inftruftive  Icffoa  may  the 
rulers  of  government,  and  the  people, 
gather  from  this  pathetic  lamentation ; 
how  ought  it  to  induce  us  diligently  to  la- 
bour for  the  maintenance  of  Peace  and 
Friendfhip  with  all  our  Indian  neigh- 
bours. 

How  ought  we  to  look  up  to  God,  the 
commo!!  Father  of  the  fannily  of  man- 
kind, requefting  he  would  enable  us  to 
fow  the  feeds  of  Benevolence  and  Mer- 
cy, carefully  avoiding  thofe  of  War  and 
Deftruftion.f 

It 


(  ! 


*  HutchJnfon,  vol.  2,  p.  4,  fays,  **The  province 
of  Mairachufstts,  in  the  courle  of  fixty  years, 
hath  been  ar  greater  expence,  and  hath  loft  more 
of  its  inhabitants,  than  all  the  other  colonies 
upon  the  continent." 

f  Ibid,  page  307,     *'  Every  perfon  almoft,  in 

thft 


(      47      ) 

It  was,  very  probably,  the  want  of 
fuch  a  care  in  the  people  of  New -Eng- 
land, particularly  in  the  lamentable  de- 
ftruciion  of  the  Pequot  Indians,  tho* 
perpetrated  many  years  before,  which 
produced  the  grievous  crop  of  calamity 
and  diftrefs  here  complained  of;  for 
however  time  and  changes  may  veil  paft 
tranfadions,  and  remove  them  from 
fight,  and  the  remembrance  of  men,  yet 
they  will  remain,  as  prefent,  in  the  view 
of  Divine  Furity  ;  and  whiiil  unrepented 
of,  will,  tho'  covered,  as  with  dirt  ard 
drofs,  remain  as  engraven  on  a  rock, 
which  when  the  overflowing  ftream  pre- 
vails, and  that  time  of  general  inquiry, 
comes,  when  fecret  things  fliall  be  re- 
vealed, will  appear  as  a  teilimony  againft 
tranfgreffors. 

The  Annals  of  New-England  informs 
us,  that  the  hrfl:  fettleis  met  with  kind 
treatment  from  the  Natives,  even  when 
they  were  few,  and  fo  fickly,  that  in  the 
firft   winter,  one  half  of  their  number 

died. 

Hutchinlbn, 


the  two  colonies,  had  loft  a    relation  or  near 
friend.'' 


,=>smrr^ 


h 
I     1 


■h 


lA 


(  48  ) 


C£ 


<C 


(C 


Hutchinfon,    obferves,    "   That    the 
'  Natives  Jhewed  court efy  to   the    Eng^ 

lijh^  at  their  Jirjl  arrival ;  were  ho- 
^"^  Jpitabte^  and  made  fuch  as  would  eat 
*^  their  food^  welcome  to  ity  and  readily 
*'  injirithed  them  in  the  planting  and  cuU 

tivating  the  Indian  Corn.     Some  of  the 

EngliJIj  who  loji  themfelves  in  the  woods^ 
'*  and  miijl  otherwife  have  perijhed  with 
"  famine^  they  relieved  and  conduced 
«  home.'' 

*  It  was  about  fifteen  years  after,  when 
the  fettlement  on  the  Connefticut  river, 
was  making  fpeedy  advances  towards  the 
country  of  the  Pequots,  that  differences 
arofe  between  thofe  Indians  and  the  Eng- 
lifli ;  fome  traders  were  killed,  whether 
thro'  the  fault  of  the  Indians,  or  White 
People,  is  uncertain,  as  each  blamed  the 
other ;  the  Indians,  however,  fliewed  a 
great  defire  to  maintain  peace  between 
them  and  the  Englifh,  for  which  purpofe 
Neal  obferves,  ''  They  twice  fent  depu- 
*'  ties  to  Bojion^  with  prejents^'  which 
might  with  patience  and  forbearance, 
thro'  the  bleffmg  of  God,  have  been  im- 
proved ;  but  the  Englilh  infifting  on  the 
delivery  of  the  perfons  concerned,  which 
the  Indians  delaying  to  comply  with,  per- 
haus    for    want  of  power,   the  Englifii 

fell 


}ai  the 
»  E  ng" 
ere  ho* 
uld  eat 
readily 
i7id  cuh 
?  of  the 
?  woodsy 
?d  with 
mdtiBed 

r,  when 
at  river, 
ards  the 
Ferences 
he  Eng- 
ivhether 

White 
lied  the 
lewed  a 
between 

)urpofe 
\t  depU" 

which 
larance, 
hen  im- 

on  the 

which 
|th,per- 

Snglilh 
fell 


(       49       ) 

■*  fell  upon  them,  JJetu  fevcral^  fi^^'^^g  thetf 
"  wigwams^  and  fpoiling  ihcir  corn^  &cJ^ 
which  enraged  the  Indians  to  fuch  a  de- 
gree, that,  giving  up  their  endeavours 
for  peace,  they  attacked  the  fort  on  Con- 
nefticut  river ;  flew  feveral  perfons;  and 
carried  away  two  maidens,  who  were  af* 
tcrwards  returned.  Upon  this,  the  dif- 
ferent New-England  governments  con- 
cluded to  unite  their  forces,  to  deflroy 
thofe  Indians ;  which  was  fo  effcftually 
done,  that  Captain  Underhill,  who  was 
a  principal  Commander  in  that  expediti- 
on, in  his  book  intitled  News  from  Ame* 
rica^  page  ^,  tells  us,  "  1/jofe  Indians^ 
the  PequotSy  were  drove  out  of  their 
country^  and  flain^  by  the  fword^  to  the 
nu?nber  of  fifteen  hundred  fouls^  in  the 
fpace  of  two  months  or  lefs ;  fo  as  their 
country  is  fully  fubdued^  and  fallen  into 
the  hands  of  the  Englijh'' 
Hutchinfon  fays,  ''  This  was  the  firfl 
a6lion  between  the  Englijh  and  Indians ; 
the  policy  i  as  well  as  the  fjiorality  of  which^ 
he  obferves,  may  well  be  queflimed.^^ 
And  he  adds,  "  The  Indians  have  ever 
fhewn  great  barbarity  to  their  Englifi 
captives ;  the  E?iglip,  in  too  ?nany  in-^ 
fiances^  have  retaliated  it.  This  has 
only  enraged  them  the  more.     Beftdes, 


*  > 


1 


I:? 


rH 


V    hi 


.^?! 


!    .'.'  1 


(         50  ) 

to  dejiroy  ivojnen  and  children^  for  the 
barbarity  of  their  Aujbands,  cannot  be 
cafdy  jujiijied.      Many  of  the   captives 
were  Jent  to  Bermudas,  and  fold  for 
Jlavesr  * 
This  account  of  the  deftrudlion  of  the 
Pequot  Indians,  is  by  no  means  intended 
as  a  refleftion  on  the  people  of  New- 
England  ;    fenfible,  that  it  is  now  long 
fince  many  amongft  them,    have  been 
foremoft  in   furniftiing  inftances  of  the 
blefling  attendant  on    the  extenfion  of 
friendly  meafures,  and  a  commendable 
care  for  the  civil  ^nd  religious  welfare  of 
the  Indians ;  as  >.  M  as  they  have  of  late 
years,  fhewn  an  examplary   and   praife- 
worthy  concern  for  doing  juftice  to  the 
opprefled  Africans :    but   only  for   this 
neceffary  purpofe,  that  the  dreadful  ex- 
perience  of  former  times,  may  be,  as 
inftruftive  cautions  in  our  future  tranf. 

adions 


*  Neal^  page  23,  obfervcs,  relating  to  thofe 
Pequot  Indians,  '*  That  they  made  a  noble  (land 
againft  the  united  force  of  New-England,^  and 
v^ould  certainly  have  defended  their  ':ountry 
againft  the  encroachment  of  the  EngliOi^  if  the 
Narraganfets,  their  inveterate  enemies^  had  not 

afiii^ed  the  EpgU(b  to  deAroy  them./^ 


(      51      ) 

afllons  with  our  Indian  neighbours,  in 
the  feveral  fettlements  now  hkely  to  be 
made  on  lands  belonging  to  them,  or 
claimed  by  them.  Indeed  we  cannot  be 
tOO  weighty  in  confidering  how  we  lay 
our  foundation  for  future  happinefs  or 
mifery ;  as  our  Saviour's  declaration 
will  be  verified  often,  in  time,  and  cer- 
tainly in  eternity :  'That  as  we  fow  we 
fhali  reap ;  and  with  thai  mcafure  we 
meet 9  it  Jhall  be  meafured  to  us  again  * 
And  altho'  the  children  are  not  accounta- 
ble for  the  iniquity  of  their  fathers ;  yet 
where  the  children  are  bafking  and  re- 
joicing in  the  eafe  and  plenty  they  enjoy 
thro'  the  fins  of  their  fathers,  as  i«  pe- 
culiarly the  cafe  of  thofe,  who  are  pof- 
feffed  of  eftates  procured  by  hard  mea- 
fures  towards  Indians,  or  thro'  the  op- 
preffion  of  the  Negroes ;  thefe  as  they 
rejoice  in  thofe  poifeflions,  which  the 
SIN  has  produced,  cannot  expect 
otherwife  than,  to  be  partakers  in  the 
PLAGUE. 

Upon  the  whole,  if  the  peace  and 
fafety  of  the  inhabitants  of  our  wide  ex- 
tended frontiers ;  the  hves  and  welfare  of 
lb  many  innocent  and  helplefs  people, 
depends  on  the  maintenance  of  a  friend- 
ly intercourfe  with  our  Indian  neigh- 
bours. 


;  I 


(      5^      ) 

bours,  what  greater  inftances  of  patrlot- 
ifm,  of  love  to  God  and  mankind,  can 
be  fliewn,  than  to  promote,  to  the  utmoft 
of  our  power,  not  only  the  civilization 
of  thefe  uncultivated  people,  whom  Pro- 
vidence has,  as  it  were,  caft  under  our 
care ;  but  alfo  their  eftablifhment,  in  a 
pious  and  virtuous  life.  On  the  other 
hand,  what  greater  injury  can  be  done  to 
our  country,  than  to  diffufe,  amongftthc 
thoughtlefs  part  of  the  people,  a  difpofi* 
tion,  and  promote  a  conduft,  tending 
not  only  to  deprive  us  of  the  advantage, 
which  a  friendly  intercourfe  with  them 
may  produce  j  *  but  by  raifmg  their  en. 

mity 


*  As  it  is  erpe^ed  that  meafures  are  now  tak- 
ing to  procure  a  free  communication  with  the  la* 
dianCountry,  whereby  an  exten five  trade  with  the 
Natives  will  probably  take  place,  and  which,  under 
proper  regulation,  may  prove  very  beneficial,  of 
the  contrary,  if  left  to  the  management  of  the 
Traders,  who  have  generally  no  oiher  view  but 
gain.  Is  it  not  an  objeft  worthy  the  peculiar  no- 
tice of  the  different  Legiflaturcs,  that  a  fpecial 
guard  be  had  againd  the  evil  confequences  which 
will  certainly  attend,  it  an  eiFe(5lual  rcftraint  is| 
not  laid  on  the  introduction  of  fpirituous  liquors,  j 
and  other  abufe,  ai;()ong(l  the  Indians. 


f  patrlot- 
cind,  can 
he  utmoft 
ivilization 
hom  Pro- 
nder  our 
lent,  in  a 
the  other 
le  done  to 
longft  the 

a  difpofi. 
,  tending 
dvantage, 
/ith  them 

their  en. 


(      53      ) 

niity  and  wrath,  expofe  the  country  to 
thofe  grievous  calamities,  which  an  In- 
dian  war  often  has,  and  will  again,  un. 
doubtedly  produce. 


A  ^?  E  N  D  I  X. 


re  now  tak- 
Dvitli  the  Iq- 
ide  wrichthe 
rhich,  under 
ineficial,  or 
ment  of  the 
er  view  but 
peculiar  no- 
at  a  rpecial 
enccs  which 
reftraint  is  I 
lous  liquors, 


E    2 


/r 


f 


«.«;♦' 


^ 

1 

1 

-  '1 

■i 

'l> 


V.'\: 


x 


F 


^xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx:x>;;sx>;xxxxa:S>5 


APPENDIX. 


I^"^>-®*"^^  5!SN  an  hiftorical  account  of  Ge- 
f  -  I  neral  Boquet's  expedition 
I  X    againft    the    Ohio    Indians, 

jj^^^<®>.<>-^  publifhed  under  his  infpefti- 
on,  in  1765,  we  meet  with  a  Uft  of  the 
fighting  men  of  the  different  Indian  na- 
tions of  the  northern  and  fouthern  di- 
ftrifts  of  North-America,  amounting^  to 
fifty-fix  thoufand,  five  hundred  and  eigh- 
ty, confifting,  chiefly,  of  fuch  Indians 
as  the  French  were  connected  with  in 
Canada  and  Loulfiana. 

This  account  we  are  there  told  may  be 
depended  upon,  fo  far  as  matters  of  this 
kind  can  be  brought  near  the  truth,  be- 
ing given  by  a  French  trader  of  confide. 
rable  note,  who  had  refided  many  years 
amongft  the  Indians. 

The  publiflier  of  that  account,  a  per- 
fon  of  reputation,  now  in  this  city,  who 
has  for  many  years  made  matters  relating 

to 


i 


I 


^\,^ 


t.'  ? 


^/  • 


I  ll 


(     56     ) 

to  Indians  his  particular  ftudy,  tells  usJfe 
"  That  fo  large  a  number  of  fightinglin 
men  may  ftartle  us  at  firft  fight;  but  thellK 
account  leems  no  where  exaggerated,lfri 
excepting  only  that  the  Calawba  nation! 
(mentioned  in  the  lift  to  be  150  gun-men)| 
is  now  almoft  extinft. 

In  fome  nations  which  we  are  acquaint, 
cd  with,  the  account  falls,  even  ftiort  ofl 
their  numbers ;  and  fome  others  do  notf 
appear  to  be  mentioned  at  all,  or  at  lead 
not  by  any  name  known  to  us :  Such  for 
inftance,  are  the  lower  Creeks,  of  whom 
we  have  a  lift,  according  to  their  town?. 
In  this  lift  their  warriors  or  gun-men  arc 
1 1 80,  and  their  inhabitants  about  6000. 
Thus  a  comparative  judgment  may  be 
formed  of  the  nations  above-mentioned; 
the  number  of  whofe  inhabitants  will  (m 
this  proportion  to  the  warriors,  viz.  five] 
to  one)  be  about  283000.'* 

From  the  above  account  of  the  num-j 
ber  of  Indians  known  to  us,  befides  thofc 
we  are  unacquainted  with,  how  important 
muft  it  appear,  to  every  fenfible  feeling] 
mind,  that  a  friendly  intcrcourfc  be  main- 
tained  with  them,  as  well  from  our  duty! 
sis  Chriftians,  as  the  great  advantage 
which  would  arifc  from  a  well  regulatcdj 
trade  j  and  the  dreadful  diftrefs  and  fuf-| 

feringSj 


tells 

t;  but  the 
Lggerated, 


(      57      ) 

Ifenngs,  which  a  difagreement  with  them 
might  bring  upon  fo  vaft  a  number  of 
helplefs  people,  on  our  long  extended 
Ifrontiers.  * 

In 


:  acquaint- 
m  Ihort  ofl 
ers  do  not| 
or  at  leaft 
;  Such  for 
of  whomj 
eir  town?.! 
n-men  arej 
out  6000. 
t   may  be 
lentioned; 
ts  will  fin 
,  viz.  five 

the  num- 
fidcs  thofc 
important 
)le  feeling 
2  be  main-j 
our  duty 
advantagej 
regulated 
s  and  fuf- 
ferings, 


*  To  thofe  who  profefs  that  peaceable  principle, 
Iwhich  implies  a  full  reliance  upon  the  Divine  pro- 
tedion,  the  number,  or  apparent  po'ver  of  any 
adverfaries  Is  of  little  weight. 

But  it  is  t6  be  obferved,  thefe  are  quotations 
from  authors,  not  of  the  fame  peaceable  profeili- 
on,  and  are  therefore  coDfidered  as  proper  to  in- 
form thofe  readers,  v»ho,  not  grounded  in  this 
peaceable  uniting  principle  are  of  contrary  jenti- 
mentt,  of  the  neceflitv  they  are  under,  even  as 
prudent  men,  upou  their  ovjn  prir.dpleit  to  conci- 
liate  he  friendfh'p  of  the  natives 

The  common  afTertion,  that  if  friendly  and 
pacific  meafures  wereMlone  purfued,  the  proper- 
ty of  thofe  fo  dijpofed,  would  become  a  prey  to 
every  invader,  But  this  aflertion  cannot  be  al- 
lowed as  validv  except  we  believe  that  **  the 
Lord  has  forfaken  the  earth;"  Ezek.  ix  19.  but, 
««  if  the  Lord  reigneth,"  Pf.  Ixliii.  i.  and  *'  we 
fear  his  name,  h^  will  be  a  wail  of  fire  round 
about  us  "    Zach.  ii.  5, 

And  whatever  fuffering  is  permitted  to  come 
upon  any,  on  account  of  their  fidehty  to  what 
they  may  think  their  duty  requires,  in  the  iupport  of 
that  peaceable  government  of  Chrift,  the  e tier ea ft 
of  vihkh,  we  are  told  by  the  prophet  Uaiuh,  there 
is  to  be  no  e*jd;  as  in  the  cafe  of  the  Moravian  In- 
dians, it  will  be  but  as  a  deliverance  trora  their 
troubles  in  this  world,  and  of  a  more  exceeding 
Weight  of  glory,  ia  that  which  is  to  come. 


(       58    ) 

In  thchiftory  of  the  Britifh  dominioru  • 
in  North-America,    already  mentioned.!    c 
2d,  vol.  page  68,  we  meet  with  the  fol- 
lowing inftrudive  obfervations :    "  Th^   ' 
perpetual  increafmg  generations   of  Eu*       q. 
ropeans,  in  America,  may  fupply  i^u"^Vckinl 
bers  that  muft  in  the  end  wear  out  theft         ,^ 
poor  Indian  inhabitants  from  their  Court-   •   n 
try  ;  but  we  (hall  pay  dear,  both  in  blodir     i 
and  treafure,  in  the  mean  while,  for  oijir  .  t    • 

^"J^^^^^-      .  Iways 

Our  frontiers,  from  the  nature  of  acS     z' 

vancing  fettlements  difperfed  along  tWS^    i  • 
branchings  of  the  upper  parts  of  our  ri»j^^  ^^ 
vers,  and  fcattered  in  the  difunited  vat 
leys,  amidft  the  mountains,  muft  be  al-  ^ 

ways  unguarded  and  defencelefs  againft 

the  incurfions  of  Indians. Thie 

farmer  driven  from  his  little  cultured  lotj 
in  the  woods,  is  loft  :  The  Indian  in  the 
woods,  is  every  where  at  home ;  every 
bufhv  every  thicket,  is  a  camp  to  the  In- 
dian; from  whence,  at  the  very  moment 
when  he  is  fure  of  his  blow,  he  can  rufli 
upon  his  prey.  In  ftiort,  our  frontier  fetr 
tlcments  muft  ever  lie  at  the  mercy  of  the 
favages ;  and  a  fettler  is  the  natural  prey 
to  an  Indian,  whofe  fole  occupation  is 
war  and  hunting. 

Tp 


(       59      ) 

To  countries  circumftanced  as  our  co- 
inies  are,  an  Indian  is  the  mod  dread- 


iiniom 
tioned/""*^  "*^' 


he  fol. 


il  of  enemies.     For  in  a  war  with  Indi- 


u  Th^™^'  ^^  force  whatever,  can  defend   our 

r  ,-,^ontiers  from  being  a  conftant  wretched 

^       %ne  of  conflagrations,  and  of  the  moft 

'     ,    locking    murders.       Whereas   on    the 

p        )ntrary,     our    temporary    expeditions 

,  ^^^ainft   the  Indians,   even  if  fuccefsful, 

1  blooi^j^  j^  ^^^^  jj^^j^  harm.     Every   article 

^^  °^5  their  property  is  port  able,  which  they 

r    Jways  carry  with  them  ;    and  it  is  no 

^^jeat  matter  of  diftrefs  to  an  Indian,   to 
ng  th^, 


"a 
•  V 


driven   from   his   dwelling   ground, 

"  J  ^  ^{'ho  finds  a  home  in  the  firft  place  he  fits 
ed  val-  j'i 

u      t'^wn  upon. 
'.  be  ai« 

again  ft 

— Tht 

ed  lot, 

in  the 


every 

the  la- 

oment 

n  ruffli 

|ier  fetr 

of  the 

1  prey 

ion  is 


t     J     N     I     S. 


Tp 


i 


/^ 


